Lub fading ntawm printing ntawm pov tsegyas tshuaj yej tog khobyog ib qho teeb meem uas cov neeg siv khoom ntsib hauv kev siv txhua hnub. Nrog rau kev paub txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm zaub mov, tib neeg tau them nyiaj ntau dua rau kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev luam ntawv ntawm cov khoom pov tsegyas tshuaj yej tog khob. Raws li cov qauv kev lag luam tshiab thiab cov ntaub ntawv xeem, qhov fading ntawm luam ntawv ntawm cov yas ntim tshuaj yej tog khob yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam, nrog rau cov txheej txheem luam ntawv, ib puag ncig, thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov kua hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub khob. Kab lus no yuav qhia meej txog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev luam ntawv fading ntawm cov yas pov tsegtshuaj yej tog khob, los ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis mus rau kev siv cov xwm txheej.
I. Cov Ntsiab Cai ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Yas Txhaum Luam Ntawv Pov Tseg
1.1 Mainstream Printing Process hom thiab yam ntxwv
Cov txheej txheem luam ntawv rau pov tseg yas tshuaj yej tog khob feem ntau suav nrog kev tshuaj ntsuam luam ntawv, ncoo luam ntawv, hloov pauv hluav taws xob, thiab UV luam ntawv. Txhua tus txheej txheem muaj nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb thiab cov xwm txheej siv tau.
Screen luam ntawv yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau tsoos thiab feem ntau siv cov txheej txheem luam ntawv. Nws lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog hloov tus cwj mem mus rau saum npoo ntawm substrate los ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam stencil. Ntau cov xim tuaj yeem ua tiav kom ua tiav cov qauv nyuaj. Lub ntsiab zoo ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam luam ntawv yog nws cov tuab tuab txheej thiab muaj zog opacity, ua rau nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau luam ntawv ib leeg - xim logos, thiab tus nqi kuj tsawg; ntau- xim luam ntawv tuaj yeem ua tiav siab - cov qauv saturation. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshuaj ntsuam luam ntawv kuj tseem muaj qhov tsis zoo, feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov teebmeem gradient tsis zoo thiab siv lub zog tsis txaus rau cov qauv uas xav tau kev hloov xim.
Pad printing yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau luam ntawv ntawm irregularly zoo li tus yas tshuaj yej tog khob. Nws txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm yog siv lub silicone ncoo los khaws intaglio number case thiab tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau qhov chaw nkhaus. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev luam ntawv ncoo yog nws qhov muaj zog yoog rau qhov chaw nkhaus, ua rau nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau luam ntawv ntawm qhov tsis sib xws xws li khob rims thiab tes. Cov txheej txheem no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim rau kev luam ntawv hauv zos ntawm lub khob yas tshuaj yej tog khob, xws li AS thiab Tritan. Txawm li cas los xij, pad luam ntawv kuj muaj nws cov kev txwv; qhov tseeb ntawm ntau- xim luam ntawv nyob ntawm cov khoom siv ruaj khov, thiab cov kev xav tau siab dua.
Thaum tshav kub kub hloov luam ntawv yog dav siv nyob rau hauv lub khob yas luam ntawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov qauv complex thiab ntau -xim luam ntawv. Nws cov txheej txheem suav nrog ob kauj ruam tseem ceeb: ua ntej, tus qauv tsim yog luam tawm ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab hloov chaw, thiab tom qab ntawd cov yeeb yaj kiab hloov pauv tau muab tso rau ntawm lub khob lub cev. Los ntawm cua sov thiab siab los ntawm lub tshuab cua kub xovxwm, tus qauv yog kis los ntawm zaj duab xis mus rau lub khob lub cev. Qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuab luam ntawv hloov hluav taws xob yog cov qauv zoo, cov xim nplua nuj, thiab tsim nyog rau cov qauv nyuaj thiab loj- nplai ntau lawm. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab hloov pauv yog siab dua, thiab kev hloov mus rau lub raj mis nkhaus yog qhov nyuaj dua. UV luam ntawv tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam hauv kev tsim khoom niaj hnub vim nws cov yam ntxwv kho sai, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau siab - cov kab ntau lawm. UV luam ntawv yog tsim rau ntau yam ntaub ntawv yas xws li PP thiab PET, thiab yog siv rau conical khob, khob ua npuas ncauj, thiab lwm yam khoom. Thaum lub sij hawm ziab ntawm cov tshuaj yej tog khob, qhov kub rau UV luam ntawv yog feem ntau tswj ntawm 70℃thiab 100 degree. Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm UV luam ntawv yog nws ceev curing ceev, uas ho txhim kho efficiency ntau lawm, tab sis cov cuab yeej peev nqi yog siab dua.
1.2 Printing Materials Types and Technical Requirements
Hom cwj mem siv rau luam ntawv pov tseg yas tshuaj yej tog khob ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev luam ntawv zoo thiab xim ceev. Tam sim no, ethanol-raws li tus number case yog siv nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam, uas yog ib tug phooj ywg ib puag ncig. Ib tug yam ntxwv ntawm ethanol-raws li tus cwj mem yog tias nws yuav ploj mus thaum raug dej cawv, vim yog lub cev qhuav dej ntawm tus cwj mem los ntawm cawv ntshiab.
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev luam ntawv zoo, tus number case luam ntawv siv rau cov khob ntawv yuav tsum ua tau raws li ntau qhov kev ua tau zoo. Raws li cov qauv kev lag luam, cov ntawv luam ntawv yuav tsum muaj cov ntawv luam tawm zoo, thiab cov khoom luam tawm yuav tsum muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo rau cov kua qaub, alkali, dej, kub, thiab lub teeb, tsis muaj fading, discoloration, los yog tev vim cov yam ntxwv no. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom luam tawm yuav tsum muaj qhov zoo khawb tsis kam, gloss, semi-matte, thiab matte tsos los.
1.3 Cov qauv kev lag luam ntsig txog thiab cov kev xav tau zoo
Tuam Tshoj tau tsim cov qauv nruj hauv teb chaws thiab kev lag luam cov cai rau kev luam tawm cov yas tshuaj yej tog khob pov tseg. GB 4806 series ntawm cov qauv yog cov qauv kev nyab xeeb tseem ceeb rau cov khoom noj khoom haus sib cuag, cov uas GB 4806.7-2016 "National Food Safety Standard for Plastic Materials and Products for Food Contact" tshwj xeeb yog muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tais diav yas.
Hais txog kev luam ntawv txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb, lub teb chaws tus qauv GB / T 27590-2011 "Paper Cups" qhia meej tias luam ntawv yuav tsum tsis txhob ua nyob rau hauv 15 hli ntawm lub khob ntug thiab nyob rau hauv 10 hli ntawm lub khob hauv qab. Txoj cai tswjfwm no txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov neeg siv khoom los ntawm kev noj cov ntawv luam tawm thaum siv lub khob, thiab tseem tiv thaiv cov ntawv luam tawm hauv qab ntawm lub khob los ntawm rub tawm sab hauv ntawm lwm lub khob thaum stacked.
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov xim ceev ceev, lub teb chaws tus qauv qhia cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb: kev sib txhuam xim nrawm dua los yog sib npaug rau qib 4, thiab lub teeb nrawm dua siab dua los yog sib npaug rau qib 6, los tiv thaiv fading thiab paug. Cov qauv tseem ceeb no yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab seb qhov luam ntawv zoo ntawm cov yas tshuaj yej tog khob puas tsim nyog.
Hais txog qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm zaub mov, luam ntawv inks yuav tsum siv zaub mov -qib dej- raws li inks. Cov inks no tsis muaj cov tshuaj phem xws li benzene thiab cov hlau hnyav, thiab yuav tsis tso cov khoom tsis zoo txawm tias thaum cua sov. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus number case tsuas yog tso cai rau luam tawm sab nraud ntawm lub khob kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog dej haus.
II. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm Discoloration hauv Kev Siv Txhua Hnub
2.1 Ib txwm Kub Dej Haus Dej Scenario
Kev ua dej haus ntawm chav tsev kub (20-25 degrees Celsius) yog qhov kev siv ntau tshaj plaws rau cov yas tshuaj yej tog khob pov tseg. Raws li cov qauv kev lag luam thiab cov neeg siv cov lus tawm tswv yim tiag tiag, cov khoom siv yas pov tseg cov tshuaj yej tog khob ntawm cov khoom tsim nyog muaj cov txheej txheem luam ntawv ruaj khov nyob rau hauv ib txwm siv cov xwm txheej ntawm chav tsev kub, thiab tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj heev.
Raws li lub teb chaws tus qauv, tag nrho cov luam dyes yuav ploj mus, tab sis lub℃ntawm fading yog muab faib ua 1-5 theem, nrog rau theem 3 yog tus qauv tsim nyog, thiab qib 5 fading yog xyaum tsis pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej kub ib txwm, cov khoom luam tawm nrog cov xim xim tuaj yeem ncav cuag qib 3-4, uas feem ntau tsis ua rau pom kev cuam tshuam loj thaum siv ib txwm siv.
Txawm li cas los xij, qee yam tseem tuaj yeem ua rau tsis muaj xim hauv kev siv tiag. Yog hais tias tus number case tsis huv kom qhuav, tus qauv yog yooj yim rubbed tawm thaum lub sij hawm tom ntej los yog siv; Thaum ziab sai heev tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tus number case los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv daim ntawv fibers, tseem cuam tshuam rau adhesion. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus cwj mem viscosity tswj yog qhov tseem ceeb. Yog hais tias tus number case viscosity siab dhau lawm, qhov fluidity tsis zoo, thiab tus number case tsis tuaj yeem hloov mus rau lub khob saum npoo thaum luam ntawv, ua rau cov qauv luam ntawv tsis tiav thiab tsis ruaj khov; Tsis tshua muaj viscosity yuav ua rau tus number case ntws, qhov muag plooj ntawm tus qauv thiab ua rau nws yooj yim tev tawm tom qab ziab.
2.2 Li qub tuav thiab stacking
Cov hnab yas pov tseg cov tshuaj yej tog khob yog inevitably raug rau cov khoom siv xws li tuav thiab stacking thaum siv txhua hnub, thiab cov yam ntxwv no tseem cuam tshuam rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm txheej luam ntawv. Nyob rau hauv ib txwm tuav thiab stacking txheej txheem, yog hais tias cov luam ntawv zoo tsim nyog, feem ntau yuav tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb discoloration.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov xwm txheej hloov pauv thaum cov qauv luam tawm nyob rau hauv 15 hli ntawm lub khob ntug lossis hauv 10 hli ntawm lub khob hauv qab. Raws li lub teb chaws tus qauv, luam ntawv yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj nyob rau hauv 15 hli ntawm lub ntug thiab nyob rau hauv 10 hli ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub khob. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev tsim khoom tiag tiag, qee cov khoom tseem ua txhaum txoj cai no. Piv txwv li, qee cov neeg siv khoom tau yws tias tag nrho lub cev ntawm cov khob ntawv pov tseg uas lawv tau yuav tau luam tawm nrog cov qauv, uas tsis ua raws li tus qauv yuav tsum tau ua.
Thaum lub khob ntim rau kev khaws cia, yog tias muaj cov qauv luam tawm hauv 10 hli ntawm lub hauv paus, cov xim tuaj yeem yooj yim rub tawm mus rau sab hauv phab ntsa ntawm lwm lub khob thaum stacking. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem noj tus cwj mem los ntawm cov qauv luam tawm thaum haus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog benzene - muaj cov inks, uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo rau kev noj qab haus huv..
2.3 Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xim fading ntawm cov khoom yas sib txawv
Yas tshuaj yej tog khob pov tseg ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv qhia qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv kev luam ntawv xim fading. Cov khoom siv khob yas hauv khw muaj xws li PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PP (polypropylene), PS (polystyrene), thiab PC (polycarbonate), txhua qhov sib txawv nrog cov ntawv luam ntawv.
Cov khoom siv PET yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm nws lub teeb yuag, pob tshab, tshuaj lom neeg ua haujlwm, thiab rov ua dua tshiab, thiab siv dav hauv ntim dej haus. PET yog qhov nkag siab zoo rau lub teeb ultraviolet, thiab qhov ntev - raug cuam tshuam tuaj yeem ua rau cov saw hlau molecular tawg thiab kev laus tom qab. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm luam ntawv, PET cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb nto kev kho mob kom ua tau zoo number case adhesion.
PP cov khoom yog tib yam yas uas tuaj yeem microwaved, nrog lub melting point ntawm 167 degree, thiab nws cov ntim txheej feem ntau yog cim nrog tus naj npawb PP # 5 muaj UV kuj zoo, tab sis nws tseem yuav muaj hnub nyoog qis dua - lub sij hawm raug. PP cov ntaub ntawv muaj lub zog nruab nrab ntawm lub zog thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog cov inks, uas ua rau muaj kev ruaj ntseg luam ntawv adhesion.
PS cov ntaub ntawv tsis haum rau cov dej kub, vim nws deforms yooj yim thiab rhiab rau qee yam tshuaj. PS cov khoom muaj qhov polarity tsawg thiab yuav tsum tau hloov kho qhov chaw, xws li kev kho mob corona, kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig luam ntawv zoo.
Txawm hais tias cov khoom siv PC muaj lub zog siab thiab cov pob tshab zoo, nws tau maj mam hloov los ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv vim muaj peev xwm tso tawm bisphenol A. PC cov khoom muaj lub zog saum npoo thiab zoo sib xws nrog inks, tab sis cov teeb meem yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias.
III. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm Environmental Factors ntawm Printing Xim Fading
3.1 Kev soj ntsuam ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov siab -Qhov chaw kub
High - qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau cov xim fading ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm yas tshuaj yej tog khob. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv sim tiag tiag, cov khob yas yas pov tseg yuav raug hloov pauv tshuaj thiab tso cov tshuaj ntxiv rau hauv cov dej haus thaum qhov kub siab tshaj 60 degree.
Ntau hom kev pov tseg yas tshuaj yej tog khob qhia qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv lawv txoj kev ua siab ntev rau qhov kub thiab txias:
| Hom khoom | Kub Resistance Range | Print stability | Kev pheej hmoo loj |
| Wax-coated khob | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 60 degree | pluag | Paraffin wax melts, luam ntawv peels yooj yim tawm |
| PE-coated khob | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 100 degree | Zoo | Tej zaum yuav deform ntawm qhov kub thiab txias |
| PP khoom khob | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 167 degree | Zoo heev | Microwaveable |
| PC khoom khob | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 80 degree | Nruab nrab | Tso bisphenol A ntawm qhov kub thiab txias |
| PS khoom khob | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 60 degree | pluag | Yooj yim deforms, luam ntawv peels tawm |
Wax-coated khob yog hom feem ntau muaj teeb meem ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Vim tias qhov qis melting ntawm paraffin siv quav ciab (feem ntau tsis tshaj 60 degree), yog tias cov ntawv khob nrog cov txheej txheem paraffin yog siv los tuav cov dej kub lossis khoom noj, cov tshuaj paraffin yuav yaj thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub khob, los yog ua rau lub khob ntawv mos thiab xau, thaum tseem ua rau lub tev ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm.
PE-coated khob tam sim no yog cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb, them nrog zaub mov- qib PE yas zaj duab xis, thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub txog li 100 degree, ua rau lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb rau brewing tshuaj yej lossis haus kua zaub kub. Nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias no, cov txheej luam ntawm PE-coated khob yog qhov ruaj khov thiab tsis yooj yim pom qhov txawv txav tseem ceeb.
PP cov khoom siv khob muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws siab - qhov kub thiab txias, nrog rau qhov melting point mus txog 167℃, thiab tsuas yog hom yas ntim khoom noj los yog lub thawv pov tseg uas tuaj yeem microwaved. Cov txheej luam ntawv ntawm PP cov khoom khob ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias txawm tias cov khoom siv PP, yog tias cov txheej txheem luam ntawv tsis raug lossis cov cwj pwm tsis zoo, kev hloov xim tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim tom qab rov siv dua - kub.
Cov txheej txheem uas qhov kub thiab txias cuam tshuam rau cov ntawv luam tawm feem ntau suav nrog: ua ntej, qhov kub thiab txias ua rau lub volatilization ntawm cov kuab tshuaj nyob rau hauv tus number case, uas yuav ua rau ink shrinkage thiab cracking; Qhov thib ob, qhov kub thiab txias cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj sib txuas ntawm tus number case thiab cov yas substrate, txo adhesion; thiab qhov thib peb, qhov kub thiab txias yuav ua rau cov yas substrate soften, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm tev tawm.
3.2 Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Cov av noo ib puag ncig
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov chaw siab -cov av noo ntawm kev luam ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj yej tog khob uas siv tau pov tseg yog feem ntau cuam tshuam rau ob yam: qeeb ziab kom nrawm thiab txo adhesion. Raws li kev lag luam cov qauv, cov av noo ib puag ncig yuav tsum tau tswj ntawm 40% thiab 60% thaum lub khob ntawv (crimping thiab bonding).
Thaum ib puag ncig cov av noo siab dhau (ntau tshaj 65%), cov teeb meem hauv qab no yuav tshwm sim:
Daim ntawv absorbs noo noo, thiab cov xim zaj duab xis txheej yog yooj yim softened, cuam tshuam qhov ziab ceev thiab qhov kawg ntawm kev luam ntawv.
Cov evaporation ntawm cov dej hauv tus number case yog qeeb, uas tuaj yeem ua rau kev sib cais ntawm tus number case los ntawm substrate.
Hauv qhov chaw siab -cov av noo, cov kab mob kis tau yooj yim rau kev yug me nyuam, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau txheej luam tawm.
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov chaw siab -cov av noo yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb thaum lub sijhawm thauj mus los thiab khaws cia. Cov ntawv nyoos rau cov khob ntawv muaj zog hygroscopicity. Yog tias qhov chaw thauj mus los yog qhov ntub dej (xws li hnub los nag lossis dej hauv lub tsheb), lossis lub ntim ntim tsis zoo, daim ntawv yuav nqus dej noo, ua rau lub khob lub cev muag muag, poob nws txoj kev txhawb nqa, thiab txawm tias siv tsis tau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov qauv lossis cov ntawv nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm lub khob ntawv rub tawm ntawm phab ntsa sab hauv ntawm lub ntim thiab cov khob ntawv uas nyob ib sab thaum lub sijhawm thauj mus los, yooj yim ua rau number case tev thiab qhov muag plooj.
Rau cov khob tshuaj yej tog khob ua los ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb xws li TPE, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov chaw siab -cov av noo yog qhov hnyav dua. Hauv qhov chaw siab -cov av noo, qhov ziab ceev ntawm tus number case ntawm TPE cov ntaub ntawv qeeb qeeb, uas yuav ua rau txo qis adhesion.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw siab - av noo, cov tuam ntxhab feem ntau siv cov kev ntsuas hauv qab no:
Tswj cov av noo nyob rau hauv qhov tsim nyog thaj tsam ntawm 40% -60%.
Txhim kho lub ntim ntim thiab siv cov dej noo- cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj.
Ntxiv cov dej noo- cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj rau tus number case los txhim kho cov dej noo ntawm tus number case.
Ua kom lub sij hawm thiab qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov txheej txheem ziab kom paub meej tias tus number case tau qhuav tag.
3.3 Cov teebmeem ntawm kev sib cuag tshuaj
Kev sib cuag tshuaj yog qhov ncaj qha tshaj plaws uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khob yas pov tseg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev sib cuag nrog cov dej cawv. Ntau qhov kev sim tau lees paub tias cov khob ntawv luam tawm nrog ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg ethanol-raws li tus cwj mem qhia tias muaj xim tsis zoo thaum raug cawv.
Lub mechanism ntawm discoloration los ntawm cawv yog lub cev dissolution ntawm tus number case los ntawm cov cawv ntshiab. Cov kev sim qhia tau hais tias thaum cov cawv ntshiab yog nchuav rau hauv lub khob ntawv pov tseg, sab nraud ntawm lub khob hloov xim liab tom qab kaum feeb, thaum lub hauv qab thiab seams ntawm lub khob ntawv uas muaj cawv tig daj daj. Qhov no yog vim tias cov qauv luam tawm ntawm lub khob ntawv siv ethanol-raws li tus cwj mem, ib tus cwj pwm zoo ib puag ncig uas tsis muaj xim thaum nws los rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cawv.
Dhau li ntawm cawv, lwm yam tshuaj lom neeg kuj cuam tshuam rau cov ntawv luam tawm:
| Hom Tshuaj | Degree ntawm Impact | Discoloration Performance | Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb |
| Pure Cawv (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 95%) | Mob hnyav | Hloov liab tam sim ntawd | Ink migration |
| Dej cawv (40-60%) | Nruab nrab | Hauv qab tig daj | Kev tsiv teb tsaws me me |
| Cov Dej Haus Carbonated | Me ntsis | Discoloration nrog kev sib cuag ntev | Kev pheej hmoo tsawg |
| Cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo acidic | Nruab nrab | Ntug discoloration | Yuav tsum tau saib xyuas |
| Organic Solvents (Benzene-raws li) | Mob hnyav | Kev tawg sai sai | Kev pheej hmoo siab |
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias cov qauv hauv tebchaws tau teev tseg tias cov khob ntawv pov tseg yuav tsum siv cov cwj mem zoo ib puag ncig, tab sis cov khob no yuav tsum tau muab cim kom meej tias "Tsis yog siv nrog dej cawv." Txawm li cas los xij, hauv lub neej tiag tiag, ntau tus neeg siv khoom tsis pom qhov ceeb toom no.
Dhau li ntawm cawv, qee cov kuab tshuaj organic, xws li benzene- cov tshuaj raws li, muaj kev cuam tshuam loj dua rau cov txheej luam tawm. Cov kev sim qhia tau hais tias so cov khob ntawv nrog cov kuab tshuaj benzene ua rau tsis muaj xim nyob rau hauv tsawg dua ib nrab feeb, qhia tias qee lub khob ntawv tseem siv benzene cov kuab tshuaj. Cov khob ntawv xim ci ntsa iab feem ntau siv benzene- muaj cov cwj mem, thiab cov xim tsis zoo yuav hnyav dua. Yog tias lub khob ntim ntawv muaj cov ntxhiab tsw zoo thaum qhib, yuav muaj teeb meem nrog tus cwj mem tsis zoo.
IV. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov kua sib txawv ntawm kev luam ntawv
4.1 Kev cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb ntawm Cawv Cawv
Cov dej cawv muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev luam ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj yej tog khob pov tseg, uas yog feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov luam ntawv number case. Raws li kev sim cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev soj ntsuam kev tshaj lij, qhov siab dua ntawm cov cawv concentration, qhov muaj zog ntawm cov nyhuv yaj ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm, thiab qhov pom tseeb dua qhov tsis muaj xim.
Qhov kev tshwm sim tshwj xeeb ntawm cawv- ntxias kom tsis muaj xim txawv nyob ntawm seb muaj cawv ntau npaum li cas:
High -concentration cawv (ntau tshaj 95%) muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj tshaj plaws. Cov kev sim qhia tau hais tias nchuav cawv ntshiab rau hauv lub khob ntawv pov tseg ua rau sab nraum lub khob tig liab tom qab kaum feeb. Qhov no yog vim hais tias siab -concentration cawv muaj zog dissolving nyhuv, uas tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov qauv molecular ntawm tus number case sai sai, ua rau tus number case tsiv mus rau saum lub khob.
Cawv (40-60% cawv) muaj cov nyhuv me me, tab sis tseem ua rau pom kev hloov xim. Hauv kev sim, hauv qab thiab seams ntawm daim ntawv khob uas muaj cawv tau tig daj daj. Qhov no yog vim hais tias txawm hais tias cov cawv concentration ntawm baijiu (Suav cawv) tsis siab npaum li cov cawv ntshiab, nws tseem tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tawg ntawm tus number case, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj zog ntawm lub khob ntawv, xws li hauv qab thiab seams.
Cov nyhuv ntawm kev kho mob cawv (75%) yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov cawv ntshiab thiab baijiu. Vim nws cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo, nws tau siv dav thaum muaj kev sib kis, tab sis nws kuj muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau cov ntawv luam tawm.
Cov txheej txheem los ntawm kev haus dej cawv ua rau tus cwj mem discoloration feem ntau suav nrog:
- Kev tshem tawm lub cev: Cawv, raws li cov kuab tshuaj organic, tuaj yeem yaj cov organic Cheebtsam hauv tus number case.
- Kev nkag mus: Cawv tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov ntawv luam tawm, rhuav tshem cov ntawv cog lus ntawm tus number case thiab substrate.
- Expansion: Cawv ua rau cov ntawv luam tawm nthuav dav, txo nws cov adhesion rau substrate.
- Migration: Dissolved ink Cheebtsam migrate rau saum lub khob nrog cawv.
Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov tshwm sim no, lub koom haum tshaj lij tau ua qhov kev sim sib piv. Cov khob ntawv los ntawm tib pawg tau ntim nrog dej ntshiab, baijiu, thiab cawv ntshiab, thiab pom lawv cov xim tsis zoo. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov khob ntawv ntim cov dej ntshiab tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv loj; cov ntawv khob ntim nrog baijiu pib pom me ntsis xim tom qab 2 teev; thiab cov khob ntawv uas muaj cov cawv ntshiab pom pom pom pom pom pom pom liab nkag hauv 10 feeb.
4.2 Carbonated Dej haus thiab kua qaub
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov dej haus carbonated thiab cov kua qaub rau ntawm cov ntawv luam ntawm cov yas tshuaj yej tog khob yog qhov nyuaj, feem ntau yog los ntawm ob lub tswv yim: acid corrosion thiab roj siab.
Carbonated dej haus muaj cov pa roj carbon dioxide thiab qee cov tshuaj acidic, thiab kev sib cuag ntev ntev tuaj yeem ua rau tsis muaj xim ntawm cov npoo ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm. Txawm hais tias acidity ntawm carbonated dej haus kuj tsis muaj zog (pH tus nqi feem ntau yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 2.5-4.5), vim muaj cov pa roj carbon dioxide ntau, lub siab yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig kaw, uas yuav ua rau kom ceev cov ntaub ntawv tsiv teb tsaws.
Cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo acidic xws li kua txiv qaub thiab kua txiv kab ntxwv feem ntau muaj pH ntawm 2-3, uas yog acidic heev. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov kua dej ntawm cov txheej luam tawm yog feem ntau tshwm sim hauv:
- Kev sib cuag ntev ua rau maj mam fading ntawm cov npoo ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm.
- Cov tshuaj acidic tuaj yeem ua rau tshuaj lom neeg nrog qee yam khoom hauv tus cwj mem.
- Ib puag ncig acidic heev yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm tus number case.
Raws li kev lag luam cov qauv, cov ntawv luam ntawv yuav tsum muaj cov kua qaub zoo kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb fading, discoloration, los yog tev tawm thaum sib cuag nrog cov kua qaub. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev sim tiag tiag qhia tau tias qee qhov qis dua - cov khoom lag luam zoo tseem pom muaj xim daj tom qab kev sib cuag nrog cov kua qaub.
4.3 Cov khoom siv mis nyuj thiab kas fes / tshuaj yej haus
Cov khoom noj mis nyuj, kas fes, thiab tshuaj yej dej haus muaj qhov cuam tshuam me me rau kev luam ntawv ntawm cov yas tshuaj yej tog khob, tab sis cov teeb meem tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.
Cov khoom noj mis nyuj muaj xws li mis nyuj, yogurt, mis nyuj tshuaj yej, thiab lwm yam, nrog tus nqi pH feem ntau ntawm 6.5 thiab 7.5, ua tsis muaj zog acidic lossis nruab nrab. Cov dej haus no muaj qhov cuam tshuam me me rau ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm, tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias:
Cov khoom siv mis nyuj tuaj yeem yooj yim tawm ntawm cov khoom seem ntawm lub khob phab ntsa, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov tsos ntawm luam ntawv tom qab ziab.
Qee cov khoom siv mis nyuj yuav muaj emulsifiers thiab lwm yam khoom xyaw, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau cov ntawv luam tawm nrog kev sib cuag ntev.
Kas fes thiab tshuaj yej dej haus muaj cov tshuaj xws li caffeine thiab theophylline, thiab kuj muaj qee yam xim. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov dej haus no rau ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm feem ntau yog tshwm sim hauv:
- Tsaus - xim kasfes thiab tshuaj yej tuaj yeem ua rau staining ntawm lub khob phab ntsa, cuam tshuam rau qhov pom ntawm kev luam ntawv.
- Caffeine thiab theophylline tuaj yeem muaj qee yam tshuaj lom neeg ntawm tus cwj mem.
- Kev kub siab - kas fes kub (feem ntau yog 80-90℃) tuaj yeem ua rau kom cov kua number case ua kom nrawm dua.
Cov kev txhawj xeeb tshwj xeeb yog cov teeb meem luam ntawv zoo ntawm qee lub khob mis nyuj tshuaj yej. Raws li kev lag luam tawm tswv yim, qhov teeb meem luam tawm ntawm cov mis tshuaj yej khob yog feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov hauv qab no:
Cov piam thaj hauv cov mis nyuj tshuaj yej tuaj yeem crystallize ntawm lub khob phab ntsa, cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm.
Qee cov tshuaj yej tshuaj yej additives yuav muaj tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm.
Mis tshuaj yej khob feem ntau yuav tsum tau khaws cia kom sov kom ntev, thiab qhov kub ntawm - ib puag ncig yuav ua rau kev laus ntawm kev luam ntawv.
Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm kev paub txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm cov qauv tsim nyog, kev luam ntawv zoo ntawm cov yas ntim tshuaj yej tog khob yog maj mam txhim kho. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg number case technology thiab daim ntawv thov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, nws ntseeg hais tias cov luam ntawv discoloration teeb meem ntawm pov tseg yas tshuaj yej tog khob yuav zoo dua daws, muab cov neeg siv khoom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab txhim khu kev qha khoom.
