I. Taw qhia thiab keeb kwm yav dhau los
Nrog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus khoom noj thiab nrawm nrawm ntawm lub neej, cov thawv hluav taws xob tau ua ib feem ntawm lub neej niaj hnub no. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom lag luam zoo li yooj yim yas, tshwj xeebPheej Yig Togo Ntim, tej zaum yuav zais kev pheej hmoo txaus rau kev noj qab haus huv. Kab lus no yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau yam kev nyab xeeb kev nyab xeeb uas yuav tshwm sim thaum siv cov khoom siv pheej yig hauv paus.
Cov khoom siv yas pov tseg yas tau ua ubiquitous hauv lub neej niaj hnub
1.1 Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam thiab Cov Khoom Siv Kev Kawm Ntawv Ntawm Cov Khaub Ncaws Hnab Yas Riam
Tam sim no, Suav cov khoom noj su Suav tau noj zaub mov zoo, muaj li 70% ntawm uas yog ua los ntawm cov yas, feem ntau hauv daim ntawv ntawmPheej Yig Togo NtimCov. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tau siv hauv cov thawv ntim khoom noj su yas ntawm kev ua lag luam yog raws li hauv qab no:
Ntau hom ntawm cov khoom ntim yas ntim khoom noj yas
- - pp (polypropylene): Tam sim no, qhov kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws microwave - cov khoom siv nyab xeeb, nrog cov cua sov ua kom muaj kwv yees li 100-120 degree. Txawm li cas los xij,Pheej Yig Togo NtimUa los ntawm PP tej zaum yuav muaj teeb meem xws li kev siv cov khoom siv ua rov ua dua tshiab thiab cov khoom ntxiv dhau los.
- {{0- PS (polystyrene): Feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv pob tshab yas noj su, tam sim ntawd txawm tias lub tais noj qab zib, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntaub ntawv tso tawm STYRENE monomers saum 60 degree, uas yog pawg 2b carcinogen.
- PVC (polyvinyl chloride)muaj cov roj hmab loj loj, uas tso tawm phthalates phthalates ntawm qhov kub. Cov kev sim tau qhia tau tias tom qab tuav braisged eggplant ntawm 60℃hauv ib lub tshuab yas khoom noj rau 30 feeb, tus nqi ntawm cov yas yas uas tau txwv tsis pub 11 lub sijhawm.
- - PE (Polyethylene): Xws li LDPE thiab HDPE, nrog qhov kub tsis kam, feem ntau tsis tshaj 80 degree, thiab deformed yooj yim thaum ua kom sov.
- {{0 {} pet (polyethylene terephthalate):Feem ntau pom hauv cov dej qab zib lub cev, nrog cov cua sov tsis kam ntawm 70 degree. Tshaj qhov kev txwv no yooj yim ua rau deformation thiab kev tso tawm ntawm cov hlau tsis hnyav xws li cov neeg pleev siab.
1.2 Kev Tshawb Fawb Cov Qauv thiab Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob
Cov lus no yuav muaj kev phom sij cov khoom noj tau zoo, suav nrog cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kev pheej hmoo, ntawm kev pheej hmoo noj pheej hmoo, muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev pheej hmoo, muab cov saw kev pheej hmoo.
Ii. Cov khoom siv cov khoom siv thiab cov kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb
2.1 Tshuaj lom neeg thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv loj
- Pp (polypropylene)Thaum nws cov qauv molecular yog qhov ruaj khov, tiv tauj nrog cov zaub mov kub, roj av nrawm nrawm thiab oligomers hauv Pheej Yig Togo Ntimo Ntim. Tom qab peb lub voj voog cua sov uas rov ua dua tshiab, kev tso tawm microplastic me me nce zuj zus los ntawm 300%.
- PS (polystyrene)Nyob rau hauv cov kub, nws tso tawm Carcinogens xws li Styrene monomers thiab Oligomers. Kev sim ua rau PS CHANNERS pheej yig Togo thawv tuav cov kua zaub kub kub muaj pes tsawg zaus tom qab ib teev.
- PVC (polyvinyl chloride)Thaum ua cov khoom siv, cov roj ntau ntawm cov tshuab yas (feem ntau phthalates) tau ntxiv. Cov tshuaj no yooj yim migrate rau hauv cov zaub mov ntawm cov kev pheej hmoo siab, ua kom muaj kev pheej hmoo rau kev ua me nyuam kev noj qab haus huv.
- Tsiaj (polyethylene Terephthalate)Antoom plig yog siv los ua ib qho kev ua yeeb yam hauv nws cov synthesis. Cov hlau hnyav no yuav ua kom sov tawm ntawm qhov kub thiab ntev, thiab ntev-} sij hawm noj yuav ua rau lub plawv kev puas tsuaj.
2.2 Muaj peev xwm muaj xwm txheej ntawm cov tshuaj ntxiv thiab tshuaj
- Kev phom sij ntawm cov tshuab yas:Esters philalate yog cov khoom siv uas nquag tshaj plaws. Lawv muaj endocrine -} txaus ntshai, feem ntau yog ua rau phtalate syndrome, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv pheej yig muab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv substivard.
- Cov phom sij ntawm bisphenol a thiab nws cov hloov chaw:Bisphenol A (BPA) thiab nws cov hloov pauv, xws li Bisphenol S (BPS), tau raug pom zoo lossis xav tias muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog kev muaj txiaj ntsig thiab kev txhim kho fertility thiab me nyuam.
- Cov phom sij ntawm cov khoom siv hlau hnyav:Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj pleev ib ce tuaj yeem khaws tau nyob rau hauv lub cev nrog ntev - tsis muaj kev haus dej, ua rau lub siab tsis txaus thiab lub siab, thiab lub raum.
Ceeb Toom:Pheej Yig Togo Cov thawv feem ntau siv ntau dhau ntawm cov roj ntxiv los txo cov nqi, muaj ntau yam kev noj qab haus huv thaum cov thawv muaj kev sib cuag cov zaub mov.
2.3 Qhov Kub Div Ntau thiab Kev Ruaj Ntseg Muaj Kev Phem
Qhov kub yog qhov tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov thawv ntim khoom noj yas, nrog rau pheej yig togo thawv.
| Khoom Hom | Thaum Tshav Kub Kub Ua Ntsuas Kub | Kev nyab xeeb ua haujlwm kub | Kev pheej hmoo tseem ceeb |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pp (polypropylene) | 100-120 Qib | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 100 degree | Tso tawm oligomers thiab microplastics ntawm qhov kub |
| PS (polystyrene) | 60-90 Degree | Tsawg dua los yog sib luag rau 60 degree | Tso tawm styrene monomers |
| PVC (polyvinyl chloride) | 60-80 degree | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 50 degree | Tso phthalates pthalates |
| PE (Polyethylene) | 70-80 degree | Tsawg dua los yog sib luag rau 60 degree | Yooj yim deformed, tso tawm ntxiv |
| Tsiaj (polyester) | 60-70 degree | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 50 degree | Kev hnyav me me xws li cov neeg yuav poj niam |
Kev Ua Phim Kub Kub ntawm cov khoom siv yas sib txawv siv hauv cov khoom ntim khoom noj
Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias PP pheej yig rau cov neeg siv hluav taws xob ntau hauv 15 feeb thaum muaj cov nqaij npuas hauv 78 degree. Ps Pheej Yig Togo Cov Khaub Ncaws Tshaj Tawm Sab saud 65℃thiab ua kom huv si thiab deform ntawm 95 degree. PVC cov ntaub ntawv tso tawm cov tshuab yas loj ntawm 60 degree.
III. Ua rau cov xwm txheej kev nyab xeeb rau kev siv
3.1 Factor: Tshuaj tso tawm kev hloov kho hauv qhov siab -} qhov chaw ib puag ncig
Qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev phom sij engo
Thaj Tsam Nyab Xeeb:65 Degree yog qhov pib tseem ceeb rau cov thawv ntim khoom noj yas. Saum toj no qhov ntsuas kub no, tso tawm ntawm cov tshuaj tsis zoo nce ntxiv.
- Nce molecular saw txav:Ntau dua qhov kub hnyiab tau loosen cov qauv molecular ntawm plastics, ua ntxiv ntxiv thiab monomers ntau rau kev tsiv teb tsaws.
- Tshuaj Bushage:Kev kub siab rau cov tshuaj yas molecular ua kom tawg, ua cov monomers, oligomers, lossis nanoscale yas hais.
- Ncib cais coeffusent:Rau txhua 10℃nce hauv qhov kub thiab txias, tus nqi diffusion ntawm cov tshuaj tsis muaj zog nce siab kwv yees li 2-3 zaug.
- Synergistic nyhuv ntawm roj thiab cov rog:Raws li organic cov kuab tshuaj, roj thiab cov rog muaj peev xwm txo qis muag muag muag muag ntawm cov plastics thiab nrawm qhov kev xaus ntawm cov tshuaj. Thaum pom cov Pheej Yig Togo cov zaub mov muaj roj oily, Styrene yaj 3 zaug sai dua li dej.
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3.2 Sijhawm Factor: Ntev - sij hawm} ntu kev raug thiab kev cuam tshuam nrog
- Luv - sij hawm} sij hawm muaj kev pheej hmoo: Tom qab nqa cov kua zaub kub hauv ib lub thawv pheej yig, cov ntsiab lus STYREE tshaj tus qauv los ntawm 3 zaug. Tom qab 30 feeb ntawm kev tuav 60℃zaub mov hauv ib tug pvc pheej yig thawvo thawv, tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab tau tsiv dua li lub teb chaws tus qauv los ntawm 11 zaug.
- Ntev - Termurn Kev ua haujlwm txuas mus ntxiv rau 6 lub hlis tuaj yeem ua rau tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub siab puas. Cov neeg tau txais kev pab uas nquag siv Pheej Yig Togo thawv tau muaj ntau dua cov micropastics hauv lawv cov ntshav thiab qhov siab dua ntawm lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm.
- Rov qab siv cov kev pheej hmoo: rov qab siv rau cov kev laus yas thiab sab npoo, nrawm qhov kev tso tawm ntawm cov khoom muaj teeb meem. Qhov nyiaj ntawm microplastics tso tawm los ntawm ib feem peb - lub sij hawm-}} dua li 30% siab dua li ntawm lub thawv tshiab.
3.3 Kev Sib Tham Nruab Nrab: Cov khoom noj ntawm cov zaub mov ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsiv teb tsaws chaw
Cov khoom noj khoom noj yam tseem ceeb rau cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw ntawm cov tshuaj phem hauv Pheej Yig Togo Ntimo Ntim:
- Cov Khoom Noj Rog:Muaj "extraction" nyhuv ", yaj cov organic teeb meem hauv huab plastics. Cov khoom noj cua sov oily cov zaub mov hauv polypropylene pheej yig rau kev ua noj 30% tshuaj ntau dua li cov khoom cua sov.
- Cov khoom noj acidic:Txhawb txoj kev sib cais ntawm cov hlau ions (xws li wbie) ntawm plastics.
- Siab - nplej zom:Tej zaum yuav ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov ntau dhau (saum toj 150 xyoo) thaum muaj cua sov microwave, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam microwave, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov yas.
Raws li kev pheej hmoo qib, cov zaub mov tuaj yeem raug cais raws li hauv qab no:
| Qib kev pheej hmoo | Hom Khoom Noj | Cov yam ntxwv |
|---|---|---|
| Kev pheej hmoo heev | Ntsim kub lauj kaub, kub lauj kaub, kib zaub mov | Kev kub siab + cov roj siab |
| Kev pheej hmoo siab | Braised nqaij npuas, Braised Eggplant, thiab kua zaub | Kev kub siab lossis roj siab |
| Kev pheej hmoo Nruab Nrab | Do - kib kua mis, stews | Cov kub siab |
| Kev pheej hmoo tsawg | Khaub Ncaws Txias, Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo, Mov | Tsawg kub, tsis muaj roj |
3.4 Cov kev siv tshwj xeeb kev pheej hmoo: kev phom sij hauv microwave ncu, xa khoom noj, thiab lwm yam
- Microwave cub cua sov:Ib qho ntawm cov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws rau pheej yig Togo thawv. Microwave cua sov rau 3 feeb tuaj yeem tso lab ntawm microplastics thiab ntau lab ntawm nanplastic hais.
- Kev xa khoom khoom noj khoom haus:Cov zaub mov yog nyob ntawm qhov kub (80 - 90 degree) thaum nws tawm ntawm qhov cub. Lub kaw lus Pheej Yig Ua Lub High- kub thiab high-av noo ib puag ncig, ua kom muaj kev tso tawm ntawm cov khoom muaj teeb meem.
- High - kub cia thiab rov ua cua sov dua:Lub siab ntev - kub thiab kub thiab txias cia cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw hauv Pheej Yig Togo Ntimo Ntim.
IV. Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb thiab Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv
4.1 Tshuaj lom zem tshuaj: Monomer cov seem, cov tshuab yas, hlau hnyav, thiab lwm yam
- Styrene monomer (PS):Ib pab neeg 2B Carcinogen, Neurotoxic, cuam tshuam rau kev ua me nyuam muaj zog, thiab ntev}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm Phillial Techo thawv ua ntawm PS.
- Philalate Esters (PVC, thiab lwm yam):Cov phev endocrine, ua rau txo cov phev suav thiab ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv cov poj niam, kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev rog, muaj kab mob ntshav qab zib, thiab lwm yam kab mob metabolic.
- Cov hlau hnyav (piv txwv li, cov tshuaj pleev ib ce hauv tus tsiaj):Bioxic; Ntev - xyoo kev nkag yuav ua rau myocardial fibrosis, mob siab, thiab lwm yam.
- Bisphenol a thiab nws cov hloov chaw:Endocrine cuam tshuam, cuam tshuam rau kev muaj peev xwm thiab kev txhim kho me nyuam; nws cov hloov chaw (BPS, BPF) yuav muaj kev lom zem zoo sib xws lossis muaj zog.
4.2 Kev phom sij ntawm lub cev: microplastic thiab nanoplastic viuring
Tshuab Ntau Lawm
Tsim los ntawm cov kev hnav txhua yam, thermal degradation, thiab tshuaj lom neeg nyob hauv Pheej Yig Togo thawv.
Tso pes tsawg
Kev kub siab thiab microwave cua sov muaj cua sov nrawm nrawm. Microwave cua sov rau 3 feeb tuaj yeem tso tawm txog 4.22 lab rau 4.12 lab thiab 2.11 billion nanplastic hais / cm op ntawm pheej yig Togo thawv.
Kev phom sij rau tib neeg lub cev:
- Kev mob plab hnyuv puas tsuaj:Cuam tshuam txoj hnyuv hnyuv, coj mus rau cov kab mob plab zom mov.
- Khoom Teb:Ua raws li cov khoom lag luam txawv teb chaws, ua rau muaj mob ntev.
- Cov cab kuj cov tshuaj pov tshuaj:Adsorbs thiab tso lwm cov tshuaj muaj teeb meem, ua rau muaj kuab paug rau theem nrab.
- Cov phom sij tshwj xeeb ntawm Nanoplastics:Tuaj yeem txeem cell wi {-}} bi} Lub hlwb lub hlwb, thiab txawm tias ntawm cov kab mob ntawm kev thaiv, thiab cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm tes.
4.3 Microbiological hazards: Risk of bacterial growth and cross-contamination
- Bacterial kev loj hlob:Txooj khawb thiab maj mam ua rau saum npoo ntawm Pheej Yig Togo cov chaw nyob rau cov kab mob. Rov siv cov khoom siv uas muab pov tseg yuav ua rau muaj kev sib tw.
- Hla -}}}}}Sharing cheap togo containers for raw and cooked foods, contact with environmental pollutants, and poor hygiene among operators can all lead to cross-contamination.
- Microbial toxins:AFLATOXIZIN (Lub cev muaj zog carcinogen) tsim los ntawm pwm thiab cua sov {{free} resistant antusoxins tsim los ntawm Staphyroxoccus aureus, thiab piv txwv tias muaj kev hem thawj rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.
Qhov tseem ceeb nrhiav tau:Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj, kev phom sij, thiab cov phom sij microbiological los ntawm Pheej Yig Togo Qhov Tseem Ceeb Uas Nquag Muaj Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Feem Ntau Cov Neeg Siv Khoom Noj Qab Haus Huv.
