I. Kev Taw Qhia
Nyob rau hauv lub neej niaj hnub no sai sai -paced,tsev noj mov mus rau - mus rau lub thawvtau dhau los ua cov ntim khoom tsis tseem ceeb rau cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab ceev ceev - zaub mov kev lag luam. Raws li kev txheeb cais, Tuam Tshoj ib leeg siv ntau dua 10 billion lub tsev noj mov los - mus rau lub thawv txhua xyoo, feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov yas, ntawv, thiab cov ntaub ntawv ua npuas ncauj. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev txhawj xeeb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom ntau ntxiv txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm zaub mov thiab teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv, kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub tsev noj mov mus rau - mus rau lub thawv nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv kub tau maj mam dhau los ua kev tsom mus rau kev sib raug zoo.
Tsev noj mov mus rau - mus boxesntsib ob qhov teeb meem kub kub thaum siv: kub siab thaum lub sij hawm microwave cua sov thiab tsis kub thaum lub tub yees thiab khov. Cov kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias thaum kub siab tshaj 65 degree, cov thawv ntim khoom yas tuaj yeem tso tawm 16 yam khoom tsis zoo, suav nrog bisphenol A. Nyob rau hauv qis- qhov kub thiab txias, qee cov ntaub ntawv ua nkig thiab tawg, cuam tshuam tsis yog rau cov neeg siv kev paub xwb tab sis kuj muaj peev xwm tso cov tshuaj phem. Cov teeb meem no cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov neeg siv khoom noj qab haus huv thiab kev nyab xeeb; Yog li ntawd, kev nkag siab txog qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub ntawm cov khoom ntim sib txawv yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.
II. Kev txheeb xyuas qhov ntsuas kub ua tau zoo ntawm Tsev Noj Mov Rau -Go Box Materials
2.1 Polypropylene (PP) Ntim
Polypropylene (PP) tam sim no yog ib qho kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau siv cov ntaub ntawv yas rautsev noj mov mus rau - mus rau lub thawv. PP ntim tau zoo heev thaum tshav kub kub ua hauj; zoo tib yam PP muaj qhov melting point txog li 167 degree, thiab nws cov kev khiav hauj lwm kub yog -6℃txog 120 degree. Hloov kho PP tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub ntawm -18℃txog 110 degree. Hauv qhov xwm txheej cua sov hauv microwave, PP tsuas yog cov khoom siv yas tso cai rau tso ncaj qha rau hauv lub qhov cub microwave, nrog rau qhov kub thiab txias txog li 130℃lossis siab dua.
PP takeaway ntim ua tau zoo heev thaum lub sij hawm microwave cua sov, feem ntau vim lawv cov qauv molecular ruaj khov. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tias PP molecular chains muaj methyl sab chains, ib tug qauv uas muab cov khoom zoo heev thermal stability thiab tshuaj inertness. Ntawm 110-120 degree, zoo tib yam PP softens tab sis tsis tso cov teeb meem. Tshwj xeeb hloov kho PP tuaj yeem tiv taus kub txog li 140 degree. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias muaj cov khoom siv PP, tseem yuav tsum tau ceev faj thaum cua sov siab - cov khoom noj roj thiab qab zib, vim qhov kub ntawm cov khoom noj no tuaj yeem siab tshaj 150℃thaum cua sov. Piv txwv li, qhov kub ntawm cov khob cij kib tuaj yeem ncav cuag 180℃thaum tshem tawm ntawm lub lauj kaub, thiab qhov kub ntawm cov khoom qab zib tuaj yeem ncav cuag 150 degree.
PP zaub mov mus ntim kuj ua tau zoo heev hauv cov tub yees thiab khov ib puag ncig. Nws qhov kub thiab txias yog qis dua -20 degree, thiab nws tuav zoo toughness thiab lub cev muaj zog nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntawm -20℃thiab -40℃. Cov iav hloov pauv kub ntawm PP yog kwv yees li 0 degree; Nws poob qee qhov kev hloov pauv hauv qab 0 degree, tab sis nws tsis ua nkig. Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias no ua rau cov thawv ntim khoom noj PP haum rau ob qho tib si kub thiab txias cia khoom noj.
Kev nyab xeeb ntawm PP ntim khoom noj tau raug lees paub dav. Raws li lub teb chaws tus qauv GB 4806.7-2023 "National Food Safety Standard for Plastic Materials and Products for Food Contact," PP cov khoom tsis tso tawm cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv ib txwm siv tej yam kev mob. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias lub hau ntawm qee lub thawv ntim khoom noj PP tuaj yeem ua los ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv (xws li PE), thiab lub hau yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm thaum cua sov kom tsis txhob muaj kev phom sij.
2.2 Polystyrene (PS) Cov Thawv Khoom Noj
Polystyrene (PS) yog lwm cov khoom siv rau lub tsev noj mov rau - mus rau lub thawv, nrog rau qhov zoo xws li pob tshab, siab hardness, molding yooj yim, thiab tus nqi qis. Txawm li cas los xij, PS cov thawv ntim khoom noj muaj cov kev txwv tseem ceeb hauv qhov kub thiab txias, uas txwv lawv txoj kev siv.
Hauv qhov xwm txheej cua sov microwave, PS cov thawv ntim khoom noj muaj qhov tsis zoo rau cov cua sov. PS pib mos ntawm 75℃thiab softens heev ntawm 100 degree, ua rau nws tsis haum rau tuav cov zaub mov kub los yog rau microwave cua sov. Qhov hnyav dua, thaum qhov kub siab tshaj 60 degree, PS cov thawv ntim khoom tso tawm styrene monomer, uas yog cais raws li Pawg 2B tuaj yeem ua kom muaj carcinogen los ntawm International Agency for Research on Cancer. Cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias tom qab tuav 60℃kub kua zaub rau 1 teev, cov ntsiab lus styrene hauv PS cov khoom ntim tuaj yeem tshaj qhov txwv los ntawm 3 zaug. Qhov siab dua qhov kub, qhov siab dua qhov kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm styrene, nrog bisphenol A tso tawm mus txog 1.2 ug / L ntawm 80 degree.
Cov cua kub tsis zoo ntawm PS cov thawv ntim khoom noj feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog lawv cov qauv molecular. PS yog ib qho amorphous random polymer nrog cov saw hlau tsis sib xws. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias, cov ntu ntu txav txav zuj zus, ua rau cov khoom muag muag. Qhov kub distortion ntawm PS tsuas yog 70-90 degree, thiab qhov kub siv mus ntev yog 60-80 degree. Thaum qhov kub nce mus txog 100 degree, PS tau txais cov thermal decomposition tseem ceeb, tso tawm ntau yam teeb meem.
Txawm li cas los xij, PS cov thawv ntim khoom noj ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv qis - qhov kub thiab txias. Nws cov iav hloov pauv kub yog 100 degree, thiab nws tseem nyob ruaj khov hauv qab 0 degree, ua rau nws lub thawv zoo tagnrho rau cov khoom noj kub tsawg xws li ice cream thiab zaub nyoos. Qhov kub ntawm PS yog kwv yees li -30℃, thiab nws yuav tsis tawg lossis ua nkig ntawm cov tub yees txias. Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias no ua rau PS cov thawv ntim khoom noj tshwj xeeb yog tsim los tuav cov dej txias, khoom noj txias, thiab cov khoom noj hauv tub yees.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias feem ntau cov thawv ntim khoom noj hauv khw yog ua los ntawm EPS (expanded polystyrene) cov khoom, uas muaj qhov zoo sib xws, lossis tseem phem dua, qhov kub thiab txias ua haujlwm tshaj PS. EPS ua npuas ncauj muaj qhov ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws ntawm tsuas yog 85℃nyob rau hauv tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab, thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub siab ntawm 95-110℃rau lub sijhawm luv luv. Yog li ntawd, cov thawv ntim khoom noj ua npuas ncauj yuav tsum tsis txhob siv rau microwave cua sov lossis tuav cov zaub mov kub.
2.3 Lwm Lub Tsev Noj Mov Rau -Go Box Materials: PET, PE, PVC, thiab lwm yam.
Ntxiv nrog rau PP thiab PS, muaj ntau lwm lub tsev noj mov rau - mus rau lub thawv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub khw, txhua tus muaj nws tus yam ntxwv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) yog cov khoom siv yas pob tshab uas feem ntau siv hauv cov fwj dej haus thiab qee lub tsev noj mov rau - mus rau lub thawv. PET muaj cov cua sov tsis zoo thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub qis dua 60 degree; nws pib mos thiab deform saum 60 degree. Lub iav hloov pauv kub ntawm PET yog kwv yees li 70-80 degree, thiab nws qhov melting point yog siab li 250{12}}260℃. Nyob rau hauv qis- qhov kub thiab txias, PET nthuav tawm qhov nce ntxiv ntawm brittleness. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias poob qis dua 0 degree, qhov txav ntawm PET molecular chains txo qis, thiab cov khoom maj mam poob nws qhov toughness. Qhov kub-kub embrittlement kub ntawm PET yog kwv yees li -40℃rau -50 degree, thiab nws yuav tawg nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam los yog siab nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntawm -20℃thiab -40 degree. Yog li ntawd, PET cov thawv ntim khoom noj tsuas yog tsim rau tuav cov dej txias lossis khoom noj khoom haus hauv chav tsev kub thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob siv rau microwave cua sov.
Polyethylene (PE) muaj ob hom: siab- ntom polyethylene (HDPE, cim nrog cim 2) thiab qis- ntom polyethylene (LDPE, cim nrog cim 4). Qhov kub tsis kam ntawm HDPE yog kwv yees li 90 degree, thiab LDPE yog kwv yees li 110 degree. PE cov thawv ntim khoom noj muaj tshuaj ruaj khov nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, tab sis lawv nquag deformation thiab tso tawm cov khoom tsis zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. PE cov thawv ntim khoom noj tsis haum rau microwave cua sov vim tias lawv nquag yaj thiab tso cov microplastics hauv qhov chaw microwave. Nyob rau hauv qis- qhov kub thiab txias, PE qhia tau yooj yim thiab tsis yooj yim rau nkig puas.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ib zaug tau siv dav hauv cov ntim khoom noj, tab sis nws tau maj mam dhau mus vim muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev nyab xeeb. PVC yuav tsum tau ntxiv ntau cov yas yas thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom, thiab cov plasticizers tau yooj yim tso tawm thaum kub kub, ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg. PVC muaj cov cua kub tsis zoo thiab tuaj yeem tso cov khoom tsis zoo siab tshaj 60 degree. Ntau qhov tseeb, PVC tsim cov tshuaj lom neeg xws li dioxins thaum hlawv. Yog li ntawd, raws li lub teb chaws tus qauv, PVC yog txwv tsis pub siv nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov ntim.
Polycarbonate (PC) yog lub siab - lub zog pob tshab yas uas feem ntau siv hauv khob dej thiab qee lub ntim khoom noj. Cov khoom siv PC muaj bisphenol A (BPA), uas tso tawm thaum kub kub thiab cuam tshuam rau tib neeg endocrine system. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias txawm tias cov khoom lag luam PC sau tias "microwave- nyab xeeb" tso tawm ntau cov bisphenol A nyob rau hauv qhov chaw kub siab -. Yog li, PC cov thawv ntim khoom noj tsis haum rau tuav cov zaub mov kub lossis microwave cua sov, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsis siv rau cov menyuam mos ntim khoom noj.
2.4 Safe Temperature Range for Microwave Heating of Restaurant To-Mus Thawv
Raws li kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov khoom siv yas sib txawv, peb tuaj yeem sau cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kub thiab txias rau ntau lub tsev noj mov kom- mus rau lub thawv thaum lub sij hawm microwave cua sov:
| Hom khoom | Tus lej ID | Kev nyab xeeb siv qhov ntsuas kub | Microwave cua sov tsim nyog | Kev pheej hmoo loj |
| Polypropylene (PP) | 5 | -18℃txog 120℃(Modified PP) | Microwaveable | Tej zaum yuav mos ntawm qhov kub thiab txias |
| Polystyrene (PS) | 6 | 0℃rau 70 degree | Tsis microwaveable | Tso styrene saum toj 60 degree |
| Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) | 1 | -20℃rau 60 degree | Tsis microwaveable | Softens thiab deforms saum 60 degree |
| Siab -Density Polyethylene (HDPE) | 2 | -20℃rau 90 degree | Tsis microwaveable | Yooj yim deforms ntawm qhov kub thiab txias |
| Tsawg-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) | 4 | -20℃rau 110 degree | Tsis microwaveable | Yooj yim yaj hauv lub microwave |
| Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) | 3 | Tsis pub | Tsis pub | Tso cov plasticizers tsis zoo |
| Polycarbonate (PC) | 7 | -20℃rau 100 degree | Tsis microwaveable | Tso tawm bisphenol A |
Raws li lub teb chaws tus qauv GB/T 18006.1-2009, lub tsev noj mov mus rau lub thawv tsim nyog rau microwave cua sov yuav tsum tau cim kom meej meej nrog "Microwave zoo" thiab qhov kub thiab txias (piv txwv li, -20℃~ 120℃). Cov neeg siv khoom yuav tsum nruj me ntsis ua raws li cov khoom lag luam cov lus qhia kom tsis txhob muaj kev nyab xeeb tshwm sim los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau hais txog tias txawm tias microwave - cov thawv ntim khoom noj PP muaj kev nyab xeeb, cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no yuav tsum tau sau tseg thaum siv tiag tiag: Ua ntej, lub hau yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ua ntej cua sov, ntau lub hau yog ua los ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias; thib ob, zam kom tsis txhob muaj cua sov siab - rog thiab siab - cov khoom noj qab zib, vim qhov kub ntawm cov khoom noj no yuav siab tshaj 150℃thaum cua sov; thib peb, tswj lub sijhawm cua sov, thiab nws raug pom zoo tias txhua qhov cua sov tsis pub tshaj 3-4 feeb; Thaum kawg, yog tias lub thawv khoom noj deforms lossis ua rau muaj ntxhiab tsw tom qab cua sov, tsis txhob siv tam sim ntawd.
III. Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov ntsuas kub ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntawv ntim khoom noj
3.1 Pure Paper Food Containers
Cov ntawv ntim khoom noj dawb huv yog cov thawv ntim khoom ib puag ncig ua los ntawm cov fibers ntuj, tsis muaj txheej yas. Cov ntim khoom no muaj qhov zoo xws li lub teeb yuag, biodegradability, thiab tus nqi qis, thiab tau siv dav hauv thaj chaw ib puag ncig xws li Europe thiab Tebchaws Meskas. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntawv ntim khoom noj dawb huv muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv ntim khoom noj ntshiab yog cov zaub mov- qib kraft ntawv, ntawv dawb, lossis bleached sulfate ntoo pulp cardboard, tsim los ntawm kev tuag- txiav thiab sib txuas lossis tuag- txiav thiab nias txheej txheem. Vim tias tsis muaj cov txheej txheem dej tsis zoo, cov ntawv ntim khoom noj ntshiab sai nqus dej sai sai thaum sib cuag nrog cov kua, ua rau cov qauv muag muag lossis txawm tias tawg. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, qhov kub tsis kam ntawm cov ntawv ntim khoom noj yog feem ntau 0-60 degree; Tshaj 60℃yuav ua rau deformation.
Hauv cov xwm txheej cua sov microwave, cov ntawv ntim khoom noj ntshiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj heev. Microwaves ua rau cov dej hauv daim ntawv evaporate sai heev, ua rau daim ntawv ua nkig thiab tawg, thiab muaj peev xwm ua rau hluav taws kub. Yog li ntawd, cov ntawv ntim zaub mov ntshiab yuav tsum tsis txhob siv rau microwave cua sov. Txawm tias tuav cov zaub mov ntawm qhov kub me ntsis (xws li kua zaub kub saum 60 degree) tuaj yeem ua rau lub thawv deform thiab xau.
Cov ntawv ntim khoom noj dawb huv kuj ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv cov tub yees thiab qhov chaw khov. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias qis dua 0 degree, cov dej hauv daim ntawv khov, ua rau lub thawv ua kom tawg thiab tawg. Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig qis dua -10 degree, cov ntawv ntim khoom noj ntshiab tuaj yeem tawg thiab poob lawv cov khoom ntim. Tsis tas li ntawd, rov ua kom khov thiab ua kom cov txheej txheem thawing nrawm nrawm rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm daim ntawv fibers, txo lub zog ntawm lub thawv.
Yog li ntawd, kev siv cov thawv ntim khoom noj dawb huv yog li txwv tsis pub, feem ntau haum rau tuav qhuav, chav - cov khoom noj kub xws li steamed buns, qhob cij, thiab biscuits. Rau cov khoom noj uas yuav tsum tau rwb thaiv tsev los yog tub yees, cov ntawv ntim cov zaub mov ntshiab tsis yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws.
3.2 Coated Paper Food Containers
Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem ntawm cov ntawv ntim khoom noj uas tsis muaj dej tsis muaj dej, cov thawv ntim khoom noj uas muaj cov ntawv coated tau tshwm sim hauv khw. Cov thawv ntim khoom noj no muaj cov txheej txheem dej tsis zoo rau saum npoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab, feem ntau suav nrog ob hom: PE (polyethylene) txheej thiab PLA (polylactic acid) txheej.
PE-coated ntawv ntim khoom noj tam sim no yog hom coated ntawv ntim zaub mov ntau tshaj plaws ntawm lub khw. Cov txheej PE muaj cov dej tsis zoo thiab cov roj- cov khoom pov thawj, tiv thaiv cov kua dej kom zoo. Qhov kub tsis kam ntawm PE txheej feem ntau yog 80-120 degree, nrog rau qhov tshwj xeeb kub nyob ntawm qhov tuab thiab txheej txheem ntawm txheej. Raws li kev siv ib txwm muaj (kub qis dua 90 degree), PE-coated cov thawv ntim khoom noj ua tau zoo yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm.
Txawm li cas los xij, PE-coated cov thawv ntim khoom ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias thaum qhov kub siab tshaj 100 degree, PE txheej yuav soften thiab yaj me ntsis, tso cov kab ntawm cov yas yas. Ntawm 100 degree, kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm plasticizers hauv PE txheej nce li ntawm 10% piv rau 80 degree. Ntxiv rau, PE txheej txheej deform thiab yaj thaum lub sij hawm microwave cua sov, thiab cov yas yaj yuav ua raws li cov zaub mov, ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau zaub mov.
Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw txias thiab khov, PE-cov thawv ntim khoom noj tau zoo heev. Cov khoom siv PE tswj tau qee qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab tsis yooj yim rau brittleness. PE-cov thawv ntim khoom siv coated tuaj yeem siv rau hauv ib puag ncig qis li -20℃yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj loj. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias thaum rov ua kom khov thiab thawing, PE txheej yuav cais tawm ntawm daim ntawv, cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub thawv.
PLA-coated paper containers yog ib hom tshiab ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo ib puag ncig. PLA (polylactic acid) yog bio-raws li biodegradable khoom ua los ntawm ntuj raw khoom xws li pob kws starch. Qhov kub tsis kam ntawm PLA txheej yog me ntsis qis dua li ntawm PE txheej, feem ntau yog 60-90 degree. Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig saum toj 60 degree, PLA txheej yuav muag muag, cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub thawv.
Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm PLA-coated ntim khoom yog nyob rau hauv lawv cov biodegradability zoo. Raws li kev sib xyaw ua ke, PLA-cov thawv ntim khoom ntim tuaj yeem ua kom puas tag nrho hauv 3-6 lub hlis, yam tsis ua rau muaj kuab paug ib puag ncig. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev siv tswv yim, qhov kub tsis kam ntawm PLA-coated cov thawv ntim zaub mov txwv lawv cov ntawv thov ntau yam, ua rau lawv feem ntau haum rau tuav cov zaub mov ntawm qhov kub tsis tshaj 80 degree.
IV. Kev soj ntsuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ua haujlwm ntawm Cov Khoom Noj Ua Npuas Ncauj
4.1 EPS Polystyrene Ua Npuas Ncauj Cov Khoom Noj
EPS (Expanded Polystyrene) yog cov khoom siv ntau tshaj plaws rau cov thawv ntim khoom noj, muaj qhov zoo xws li lub teeb yuag, zoo thermal rwb thaiv tsev, zoo cushioning kev ua tau zoo, thiab tus nqi qis. EPS ntim tau siv dav hauv kev thauj mus los thiab ceev ceev- kev lag luam khoom noj rau ob peb lub xyoo dhau los, tab sis lawv muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Cov qauv molecular ntawm EPS ua npuas ncauj txiav txim siab nws cov cua sov tsis zoo. EPS yog tsim los ntawm polystyrene hlaws hlaws los ntawm foaming, muaj ntau ntawm cov npuas kaw, nrog rau cov ntsiab lus huab cua siab txog 98%. Thaum no cov qauv ntxeem tau muab EPS zoo heev thermal rwb thaiv tsev, nws kuj ua rau nws yooj yim deformation ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ua haujlwm kub ntawm EPS ua npuas ncauj tsuas yog 85 degree, thiab nws tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias ntawm 95-110℃rau lub sijhawm luv luv yam tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab.
Hauv qhov xwm txheej cua sov hauv microwave, EPS ntim tau pom tias muaj cua sov tsis zoo. Thaum qhov kub nce mus txog 75 degree, lub thawv EPS pib muag; ntawm 80 degree, nws deforms loj; thiab ntawm 90 degree, hnyav softening thiab vau tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Ntxiv rau, EPS tso tawm ntau ntawm styrene monomer ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias thaum qhov kub siab tshaj 65 degree, EPS ntim tso tawm cov khoom tsis zoo xws li ntev - saw alkanes; Thaum qhov kub nce mus txog 75 degree, qhov tso tawm ntawm styrene monomer nce ntau. Styrene raug cais raws li Pawg 2B ua tau carcinogen los ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Thoob Ntiaj Teb rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Kho Mob, thiab ntev - kev noj tshuaj yuav ua rau lub siab thiab lub paj puas.
Cov cua kub tsis zoo ntawm EPS ntim kuj tseem cuam tshuam rau hauv lawv qhov rhiab heev rau kev hloov kub. Txawm tias thaum muaj cov khoom noj ntawm qhov kub siab dua me ntsis (xws li cov kua zaub kub ntawm 70 degree), EPS ntim yuav deform, ua rau to. Hauv kev siv tswv yim, EPS ntim tsuas yog tsim rau cov khoom noj uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias hauv qab 60 degree.
Hauv qhov chaw txias thiab khov, EPS ntim ua tau zoo. Lub iav hloov pauv kub ntawm EPS yog 80-105 degree, thiab tsis muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev tseem ceeb tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub qis. EPS ntim tuaj yeem siv tau ib txwm nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntawm -30℃mus rau 0℃yam tsis muaj kev tawg lossis ua rau mob hnyav. Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias no ua rau EPS cov thawv ntim khoom noj tshwj xeeb yog tsim los tuav cov dej txias thiab cov khoom noj hauv tub yees.
Txawm li cas los xij, EPS cov thawv ntim khoom noj kuj muaj qee qhov teeb meem hauv qhov chaw qis - qhov kub thiab txias. Ua ntej, EPS muaj cov thermal conductivity tsawg, uas tuaj yeem ua rau qhov kub tsis sib xws ntawm cov khoom noj hauv lub tub yees. Qhov thib ob, EPS cov ntaub ntawv yog nkig thiab yooj yim tawg thaum raug rau sab nraud. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig qis dua -20 degree, lub brittleness ntawm EPS ntim khoom noj nce, yuav tsum tau ceev faj ntxiv thaum tuav thiab siv.
4.2 EPP Polypropylene Ua Npuas Ncauj Khoom Noj
EPP (Expanded Polypropylene) yog ib hom tshiab ntawm cov khoom ua npuas ncauj uas nyuam qhuav pib siv nyob rau hauv siab -khoom noj khoom haus ntim khoom lag luam. EPP cov thawv ntim khoom noj muaj qhov ntsuas kub zoo heev thiab cov yam ntxwv ib puag ncig, thiab suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws hloov rau EPS cov thawv ntim khoom noj.
Cov qauv molecular ntawm EPP zoo ib yam li EPS, tab sis vim yog siv cov polypropylene ua raw khoom, nws cov kev ua tau zoo tau zoo tuaj. EPP muaj cov cua kub zoo, nrog rau qhov kub thiab txias ua haujlwm feem ntau ntawm -40℃txog 130 degree. Nyob rau ntawm qhov kub ntawm 130 degree, EPP tseem tuaj yeem tswj cov qauv kev ruaj ntseg yam tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj. Qhov kev tiv thaiv kub zoo no tso cai rau EPP cov thawv ntim khoom siv ncaj qha rau cov zaub mov kub thiab txawm tias cua sov hauv qhov cub microwave.
Qhov qis- qhov kub thiab txias ua haujlwm ntawm EPP ntim khoom noj yog qhov zoo sib xws. Nyob rau hauv qhov tsis tshua muaj siab - qhov kub thiab txias ntawm -40 degree, EPP tseem tuaj yeem tuav tau zoo toughness thiab elasticity yam tsis muaj nkig puas. Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov tsis zoo no - qhov kub thiab txias ua rau EPP cov thawv ntim khoom tsim nyog rau kev siv sijhawm ntev - nyob rau hauv qhov chaw sib sib zog nqus khov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov ntim khoom noj hauv cov khoom siv txias txias.
Lwm qhov zoo ntawm EPP cov thawv ntim khoom noj yog lawv cov compression zoo heev. Txawm tias muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau, EPP cov thawv ntim khoom noj tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau lawv cov qub qub yam tsis muaj deformation mus tas li. Cov yam ntxwv no tso cai rau EPP cov thawv ntim khoom noj kom zoo dua tiv thaiv cov khoom noj thaum lub sijhawm thauj thiab khaws cia.
Hais txog kev nyab xeeb, cov khoom siv EPP tsis muaj cov khoom tsis zoo thiab yuav tsis tso cov tshuaj lom nyob rau hauv ib txwm siv. EPP yog cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab thiab tuaj yeem rov ua dua thiab rov siv dua tom qab nws lub neej ua haujlwm, ua tau raws li kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.
Txawm li cas los xij, EPP cov thawv ntim khoom noj kuj muaj qee qhov tsis zoo. Ua ntej, tus nqi siab dua; Tus nqi tsim khoom ntawm EPP yog 3-5 npaug ntawm EPS, uas txwv tsis pub nws nce qib hauv kev lag luam loj. Qhov thib ob, kev ua haujlwm nyuaj yog ntau dua, vim tias EPP foaming yuav tsum muaj cov txheej txheem ntau dua, xav tau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab thev naus laus zis.
4.3 Sib piv kev ntsuas kub ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom ua npuas ncauj
Txhawm rau kom meej meej sib piv qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv ua npuas dej sib txawv, peb tsim cov lus sib piv hauv qab no:
| Hom khoom | Ua haujlwm kub siab tshaj plaws | Microwave cua sov tsim nyog | Yam tsawg kawg nkaus kub Resistance | Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb | Siv tau Scenarios |
| EPS Polystyrene Ua Npuas Ncauj | 85℃(luv-lub sijhawm 95-110 degree) | Tsis microwaveable | -30 degree | Tus nqi qis, yooj yim deformed, tso tawm styrene | Dej txias, khoom noj khoom haus hauv chav tsev kub |
| EPP Polypropylene Ua Npuas Ncauj | 130 degree | Microwaveable | -40 degree | High kub kuj, tsis kub tsis kam, thiab environmentally friendly | Khoom noj khoom haus kub, txias saw khoom noj |
Raws li tuaj yeem pom los ntawm lub rooj, muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm EPS thiab EPP hais txog qhov kub thiab txias. Vim tias nws tsis muaj cua sov tsis zoo thiab kev txhawj xeeb txog kev nyab xeeb, EPS cov thawv ntim khoom noj tau maj mam raug txiav tawm ntawm lub khw. EPP cov thawv ntim khoom noj, nrog rau lawv qhov kub thiab txias thiab cov yam ntxwv zoo ib puag ncig, tau dhau los ua cov nyiam tshiab hauv kev lag luam siab - kawg.
Hauv kev siv tiag tiag, qhov ntsuas kub tsis kam ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntim khoom noj ua npuas ncauj kuj cuam tshuam los ntawm cov hauv qab no:
Phab ntsa thickness: Phab ntsa tuab ntawm cov khoom noj ua npuas ncauj ncaj qha cuam tshuam nws qhov kub thiab txias. Cov thawv tuab dua yuav tsis tshua muaj deform ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tab sis qhov no kuj nce nqi.
Ceev: Qhov ntau dua qhov ntom ntawm cov npuas dej, qhov zoo dua nws lub zog thiab kub tsis kam. Siab -Qhov ceev EPS (qhov ceev> 30kg / m³) muaj kwv yees li 20% kev ua haujlwm kub zoo dua li EPS zoo tib yam (qhov ceev 15-20kg / m³).
Kev siv ib puag ncig: Hauv kev siv tiag tiag, qhov ntsuas kub ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntim khoom noj ua npuas ncauj kuj cuam tshuam los ntawm kev siv ib puag ncig. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj qhov siab dua, vim huab cua qis, qhov kub tsis kam ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom noj yuav txo qis. Raws li kev txheeb xyuas saum toj no, peb muab cov lus pom zoo hauv qab no rau kev siv cov thawv ntim khoom noj ua npuas ncauj:
EPS ntim: Tsuas yog rau cov zaub mov qis dua 60 degree, txwv tsis pub siv lub microwave cua sov, thiab tsim nyog rau luv luv - siv nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig tub yees.
EPP ntim: Haum rau cov zaub mov kub qis dua 100 degree, qee cov khoom yog microwave- nyab xeeb, thiab haum rau ntau qhov chaw kub.
Kev pom zoo: Yog tias cov peev nyiaj tso cai, peb pom zoo xaiv EPP ntim; Yog tias xaiv EPS ntim, nco ntsoov ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov kub thiab txias.
Kev ceeb toom txog kev nyab xeeb: Txawm hais tias lub thawv ua npuas ncauj hom twg, tsis txhob siv lawv rau cov khoom noj muaj roj ntau, vim tias rog tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom tsis zoo.
V. Kev ntsuas kub siab rau kev ua tau zoo thiab kev soj ntsuam kev pheej hmoo
5.1 Cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov ntsuas kub siab rau ntau yam khoom ntim khoom noj
Raws li kev soj ntsuam ntxaws ntawm peb hom khoom ntim khoom noj tseem ceeb: yas, ntawv, thiab ua npuas ncauj, peb tuaj yeem sau cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm ntau lub thawv ntim khoom noj hauv microwave cua sov thiab tub yees / khov qhov xwm txheej:
Cov lus qhia txog qhov kub thiab txias txwv rau lub tsev noj mov kom- Mus rau lub thawv
| Hom khoom | Qhov kub siab tshaj plaws rau Microwave cua sov | Kev nyab xeeb siv qhov ntsuas kub | Yam tsawg kawg nkaus kub rau tub yees / khov | Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kub thiab txias |
| Polypropylene (PP) | 120-140 degree | -18℃rau 120 degree | -40 degree | Softening saum 120 degree |
| Polystyrene (PS) | Tsis pom zoo | 0℃rau 70 degree | -30 degree | Styrene tso tawm saum 60 degree |
| Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) | Tsis pom zoo | -20℃rau 60 degree | -50 degree | Softening saum 60 degree |
| Siab -Density Polyethylene (HDPE) | Tsis pom zoo | -20℃rau 90 degree | -40 degree | Deformation saum toj 90 degree |
| Tsawg-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) | Tsis pom zoo | -20℃rau 110 degree | -40 degree | Yooj yim yaj hauv lub microwave |
Daim ntawv qhia txog qhov kub thiab txias txwv rau cov ntawv ntim khoom noj
| Hom khoom | Qhov kub siab tshaj plaws rau Microwave cua sov | Kev nyab xeeb siv qhov ntsuas kub | Yam tsawg kawg nkaus kub rau tub yees / khov | Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kub thiab txias |
| Ntshiab Ntawv Ntim Cov Khoom Noj | Tsis pom zoo (Yooj yim catches hluav taws) | 0℃rau 60 degree | -5 degree | Deformation siab tshaj 60 degree |
| PE Coated Ntawv Ntim Cov Khoom Noj | Tsis pom zoo (PE melts) | 0℃rau 90 degree | -20 degree | Txheej dissolves saum 100 degree |
| PLA Coated Ntawv Ntim Cov Khoom Noj | Tsis pom zoo | 0℃rau 80 degree | -10 degree | Txheej softens saum 80 degree |
Cov lus qhia txog qhov kub thiab txias txwv rau cov khoom ntim khoom ua npuas ncauj
| Hom khoom | Qhov kub siab tshaj plaws rau Microwave cua sov | Kev nyab xeeb siv qhov ntsuas kub | Yam tsawg kawg nkaus kub rau tub yees / khov | Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kub thiab txias |
| EPS Polystyrene Ua Npuas Ncauj | Tsis pom zoo | 0℃rau 60 degree | -30 degree | Tso cov tshuaj phem tshaj 65 degree |
| EPP Polypropylene ua npuas ncauj | 120 degree | -40℃rau 130 degree | -40 degree | Me ntsis deformation saum 130 degree |
Raws li tuaj yeem pom los ntawm cov lus qhia, muaj qhov sib txawv loj hauv qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov khoom siv sib txawv siv rau cov ntim khoom noj. PP cov khoom ua tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab tsuas yog cov khoom siv nyab xeeb rau microwave cua sov; PS thiab PET cov ntaub ntawv muaj cov cua sov tsis zoo thiab ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb; ntawv thiab EPS ua npuas ncauj ntim khoom noj tsis haum rau microwave cua sov.
Los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas dav dav ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub tsev noj mov zoo tib yam rau - mus rau lub thawv cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig kub sib txawv, qhov kev tshawb fawb no kos cov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb hauv qab no:
- Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv qhov kub thiab txias ua haujlwm:Cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv siv rau cov ntim khoom noj muaj qhov sib txawv loj hauv qhov kub thiab txias ua haujlwm. Cov khoom siv polypropylene (PP) ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias ntawm 120-140 degree, thiab tsuas yog cov khoom siv yas uas tuaj yeem siv tau zoo rau microwave cua sov. Cov ntaub ntawv xws li polystyrene (PS) thiab polyethylene terephthalate (PET) muaj cov cua sov tsis zoo thiab tuaj yeem deform lossis tso tawm cov teeb meem ntawm 60-80 degree. Daim ntawv thiab EPS ua npuas ncauj ntim khoom noj tsis haum rau microwave cua sov.
- Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm qis - kub:Nyob rau hauv qis- qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig, cov ntaub ntawv xws li PP thiab HDPE ua tau zoo thiab tuaj yeem siv tau hauv ib puag ncig qis li -40℃. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv xws li PS thiab PET tuaj yeem ua nkig thiab tawg hauv qab -20 degree. Cov ntawv ntim khoom noj dawb huv muaj qhov ua haujlwm kub qis tshaj plaws thiab tuaj yeem tawg qis dua -5 degree.
