Kev nyab xeeb ntawm PP (polypropylene) yas pov tseg togo thawv thaum tuav cov khoom noj kub rau lub sijhawm ntev (kwv yees li 4 teev) yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov pej xeem, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muab kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev lag luam xa zaub mov. Raws li cov khoom ntim khoom noj tseem ceeb, kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm cov tshuaj PP ntawm qhov kub thiab txias yog cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev noj qab haus huv.
I. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb thiab cov qauv kev nyab xeeb ntawm PP khoom
1.1 Lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm PP khoom
Polypropylene (PP) yog cov thermoplastic polymer tsim los ntawm polymerization ntawm propylene monomers. Nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yog raws li nram no:
Lub cev muaj zog:
Nws yog cov khoom siv dawb, waxy, pob tshab, lub teeb yuag nrog qhov ceev ntawm 0.89-0.91 g / cm³; Nws muaj cov cua kub zoo heev, nrog lub melting point ntawm 164-170℃(100% isotactic PP tuaj yeem ncav cuag 176 degree), thiab kev siv kub ntawm 110-120℃(lub sijhawm luv luv hauv lub teeb / tsis muaj load tuaj yeem ncav cuag 150 degree); iav hloov kub (Tg) yog -18℃rau 0 degree, cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov piv ntawm crystalline theem rau amorphous theem; nws muaj qhov zoo thermal stability, nrog rau qhov decomposition kub tshaj 300 degree, thiab pib daj thiab degrade ntawm 260℃hauv ib puag ncig oxygen; Lub coefficient ntawm linear expansion yog 5.8-10.2 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹, thiab thermal conductivity yog 0.15-0.24 W / (m·K), kuj muaj thermal rwb thaiv tsev.
Chemical Properties:
Cov saw tseem ceeb molecular muaj cov pa roj carbon -carbon ib daim ntawv cog lus, thiab cov pab pawg sab nrauv muaj cov methyl pawg, muab qee yam nruj thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj; nws muaj tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov zoo, tiv thaiv corrosion, thiab hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev, uas yog qhov zoo rau cov khoom ntim khoom noj.
1.2 Cov Txheej Txheem Hauv Tebchaws rau Cov Khoom Noj Khoom Noj Sib cuag PP
Tuam Tshoj siv cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ua. GB 4806.7-2023 "National Food Safety Standard for Plastic Materials and Products for Food Contact" tau pib siv thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 6, 2024, hloov cov qauv qub thiab ua raws li "kev tswj hwm lub neej tag nrho" lub tswv yim. Cov kev cai tseem ceeb muaj xws li:
- Raw khoom xav tau:PP resin thiab additives yuav tsum ua raws li Daim Ntawv Qhia Ntxiv A ntawm tus qauv thiab GB 9685-2016 daim ntawv tso cai, thiab raug txwv rau cov resins uas tau teev tseg (PP, PE, thiab lwm yam), txwv tsis pub siv cov yas rov ua dua tshiab (kev kho mob / kev lag luam pov tseg).
- Physicochemical Indicators:Tag nrho kev tsiv teb tsaws Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 10 mg / dm² (tag nrho cov kua simulant); Bisphenol A (BPA) txwv kev tsiv teb tsaws raug txo mus rau 0.05 mg / kg ( txwv tsis pub rau cov khoom me nyuam mos).
- Additive Requirements:Raws li GB 9685-2016, 23 additives (10 pawg) tau tso cai. Feem ntau siv PP additives suav nrog antioxidants (BHT Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.5%, antioxidant 1010 Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.3%).
1.3 Kev sib piv ntawm International Safety Standards for PP Materials
Cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb tseem ceeb muaj cov cai nruj rau cov khoom siv PP, nrog rau qhov sib txawv hauv qab no:
| Thaj tsam | Core Standard | Cov Lus Qhia Tseem Ceeb |
| Teb chaws USA | FDA 21 CFR 177.1520 | Kev tsiv teb tsaws tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 10 mg/inch² (lossis 60 mg/kg zaub mov), ICP-MS tswj 8 hom hlau hnyav |
| EU | EU 10/2011, LFGB ntawv pov thawj | Bisphenol A Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.05 mg / kg, thawj cov tshuaj tsw qab amines Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.01 mg / kg |
| Nyiv | JHSPA ntawv pov thawj | Tsom ntsoov rau ultra-kev ua haujlwm kub ua haujlwm siab |
Ntiaj teb no tsim nyog PP lub thawv pov tseg togo yuav tsum tau dhau ntau daim ntawv pov thawj, suav nrog Tuam Tshoj GB 4806.7, US FDA, thiab EU LFGB, kom paub meej hla -kev nyab xeeb hauv cheeb tsam.
II. Mechanism ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom noj kub kub ntawm cov khoom PP
2.1 Cov yam ntxwv kub ntawm Takeaway Hot Food
Qhov ntsuas kub ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus kub yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb. Cov ntaub ntawv scenario tiag tiag yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Qhov kub thiab txias:Raws li kev ntsuas los ntawm Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, qhov nruab nrab kub ntawm cov thawv ntim khoom pov tseg yog 71-79℃(xws li thawj 2 teev); Qhov kub ntawm cov zaub mov kub tshiab yog 90-100 degree, thiab tso ncaj qha rau hauv PP.dispolable togo lub thawvtuaj yeem tshaj qhov kub thiab txias; Tom qab cov neeg tau txais kev pab qhib lub ntim, qhov kub tsis tu ncua txo qis vim yog cua sov dissipation.
- Kub hloov pauv qauv:Thaum lub sij hawm tus me nyuam, vim cov nyhuv ntawm cov roj npog (simulated nrog txiv ntseej roj), lub hau ntim, thiab cov npuas rwb thaiv tsev lub thawv, qhov kub thiab txias yuav poob sai sai; thaum cov nyhuv rwb thaiv tsev txuas ntxiv lub sijhawm khoom noj kub, nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau lub sijhawm siab -qhov kub thiab txias.
2.2 Molecular Structure Hloov ntawm PP Khoom ntawm Kub Kub
Nyob rau hauv 60-80℃takeaway kub ntau yam, cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv PP cov ntaub ntawv yog feem ntau reflected nyob rau hauv:
Molecular saw txav: Vim tias Tg nyob deb ntawm qhov kev pabcuam kub, PP yog ib txwm nyob rau hauv lub xeev rubbery. Qhov kub thiab txias yuav ua kom cov saw hlau molecular zog, tab sis qhov cuam tshuam ntawm crystallinity yog txwv (tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, xws li PP-R microwave cua sov, qhov twg crystallinity nce los ntawm ob peb feem pua).
Thermal degradation risk: Txawm hais tias qhov kub decomposition tshaj 300 degree, ntev - lub sij hawm tshav kub raug (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ib tug 4- teev scenario) tej zaum yuav ua rau qeeb degradation ntawm molecular chains, ua tsis tshua muaj -molecular-yuag khoom; Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig oxygenated, nws yuav tig daj thiab deteriorate ntawm 260 degree. Txawm hais tias qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov ntsuas kub tau qis dua qhov no, cov txiaj ntsig sib xyaw tseem xav tau kev saib xyuas.
2.3 Tshwj xeeb los ntawm Microwave cua sov ntawm PP khoom
Microwave cua sov yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cua kub ib txwm muaj, thiab qhov kev pheej hmoo siab dua:
Antioxidant degradation: Microwaves ua kom cov degradation ntawm antioxidants (xws li Irgafos 168, Irganox 1010) nyob rau hauv PP ntim, tsim ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom tsiv teb tsaws, thaum ib txwm cua sov tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim no; Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv microwave cua sov, qhov kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm PP-C yog 700 npaug ntau dua li cov cua sov ib txwm (isooctane/ethanol simulant) thiab 100 npaug siab dua (ethanol simulant).
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua: suav nrog cov cua sov xaiv (ua kom nrawm nrawm ntawm cov polar molecules), cov chaw kub hauv zos (hauv zos kub siab dhau), molecular polarization (txhim kho cov molecular zog), thiab polymer- ntxiv kev cuam tshuam. Yuav tsum tau ceev faj ntxiv thaum lub sij hawm cua sov thib ob.
III. Mechanisms thiab Influencing Factors of Chemical Substance Migration
3.1 Cov tshuaj muaj peev xwm muaj nyob hauv PP cov ntaub ntawv
Tshuaj lom neeg hauv PPdispolable togo thawvtau muab faib ua ob pawg, nrog rau lawv cov peev txheej thiab kev pheej hmoo raws li hauv qab no:
Polymer residues: Unpolymerized propylene monomers (tus qauv yuav tsum tau Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 0.1%), oligomers (tag nrho cov extractable tshuaj Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 45%, n-hexane + xylene).
Functional additives:
- Antioxidants:Cov tshuaj antioxidants tseem ceeb (hindered phenols xws li Irganox 1010), lwm yam antioxidants (phosphites xws li Irgafos 168), thiab degradation cov khoom (2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, thiab lwm yam);
- Lwm yam additives:Nucleating agents (sorbitol derivatives), slip agents (erucamide), antistatic agents (surfactants), lubricants (calcium stearate).
- Kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab:Virgin PP muaj 9 lub tebchaw, thaum rov ua dua PP (PCR) pom 52 cov khoom sib txuas, suav nrog - cov khoom pheej hmoo xws li phthalates thiab PFAS, hais txog qhov xav tau siv cov ntaub ntawv nkauj xwb.
3.2 Tus cwj pwm tsiv teb tsaws chaw nyob rau hauv siab -Qhov kub thiab txias
Kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm tshuaj lom neeg los ntawm PP mus rau zaub mov yog ib txoj kev nyuaj, nrog rau cov tseem ceeb cuam tshuam nrog rau:
Kub: Tshaj 60 degree, qhov kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo (plasticizers, monomers) nce exponentially; nyob rau hauv 70℃rau 2 teev (3% acetic acid), tag nrho cov tsiv teb tsaws ntawm PP zoo tib yamdispolable togo thawvyog 2.5-5.0 mg / dm² (deb hauv qab lub teb chaws tus qauv ntawm 10 mg / dm²), tab sis inferior PS dispolable togo thawv yuav ncav cuag 15-20 mg / dm² (1-2 zaug tus qauv); ntawm 70 degree, tso tawm ntawm bisphenol A tshaj lub teb chaws tus qauv los ntawm 4.2 npaug.
Sijhawm: Lub sijhawm sib cuag rau cov khoom noj khoom haus yog li 2 teev; Yog hais tias ncua mus rau 4 teev, qhov kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw nce ntxiv; cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav ua tau raws li Y=a(1-exp-bx), thiab cov coefficients muaj feem xyuam rau qhov kub thiab qhov me me.
Hom khoom noj: Cov rog simulants (xws li isooctane) ua rau PP o, thiab cov nqi tsiv teb tsaws yog ntau dua li cov cawv (95% ethanol) thiab aqueous simulants (10% ethanol, 3% acetic acid); cov roj txhawb kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm cov rog- cov tshuaj soluble, thiab cov acidic ib puag ncig ua kom cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb tso tawm.
3.3 Kev soj ntsuam toxicity ntawm cov khoom tsiv teb tsaws
Lub toxicity ntawm txawv migrated tshuaj txawv heev, nrog rau cov hauv qab no cov tseem ceeb txaus ntshai tshuaj:
- Bisphenol A (BPA):Ib qho kev cuam tshuam endocrine, cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov me nyuam thiab cov paj hlwb; ntev - raug rau lub sij hawm ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov thyroid nodules thiab kab mob plawv; ntawm 70 degree, qhov tso tawm ntau tshaj lub teb chaws tus qauv los ntawm 4.2 npaug.
- Phthalates:Kev tsim tawm toxicity; thaum PVC dispolable togo thawv tuav braised eggplant ntawm 60℃rau 30 feeb, tus nqi tsiv teb tsaws tshaj lub teb chaws tus qauv los ntawm 11 zaug; Txawm hais tias PP tsis tshua siv, nws yuav raug kuaj pom hauv cov khoom qis - zoo.
- Antioxidant degradation cov khoom:Xws li 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, nrog NOAELs ntawm 5 thiab 20 mg/(kg·hnub) rau cov me nyuam mos thiab cov nas me, feem; Cov tshuaj toxicity tsawg tab sis cov teebmeem tshwm sim yuav tsum tau tswj.
Microplastic hais:Thaum kub siab tshaj 65 degree, PP dispolable togo thawv tso tawm 16 lab hais ib square centimeter; nyob rau hauv ib tug braised nqaij npuas scenario ntawm 78 degree, PP tso tawm 12,000 particles / cm², thiab PS tso tawm 35,000 particles / cm²; microplastics tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev puas tsuaj rau lub plab zom mov, adsorb cov pa phem, thiab ua rau mob; Ntev - lub sij hawm tsub zuj zuj cuam tshuam kev noj qab haus huv.
3.4 Migration Prediction nyob rau hauv 4-teev Kub Khoom Noj Scenario
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv uas twb muaj lawm, qhov xwm txheej tsiv teb tsaws chaw nyob rau hauv 4-teev scenario (qhov nruab nrab kub ntawm 65-75 degree) yog kwv yees li hauv qab no:
Tag nrho cov nyiaj migration:Nyob ib ncig ntawm 70 degree, tag nrho cov kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw hauv 4 teev yog 5-10 mg / dm², ze rau lub teb chaws tus qauv txwv; Cov txiaj ntsig tiag tiag tuaj yeem hloov pauv nyob ntawm cov khoom siv purity, cov ntsiab lus ntxiv, thiab hom zaub mov.
Cov khoom tshwj xeeb:Bisphenol A tuaj yeem tshaj tus qauv los ntawm 2-3 zaug; me me molecule antioxidants (xws li BHT) migrate sai dua cov molecules loj (xws li Irganox 1010); microplastic tso tawm txo qis me ntsis nrog txo qhov kub thiab txias, tab sis tseem muaj ntau dua li ntawm 2-teev scenario.
Influencing variables:dispolable togo lub thawv thickness, sealing, rwb thaiv tsev tej yam kev mob, thiab saum npoo tej yam kev mob tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov tseeb ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws; Cov kev kwv yees yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog cov xwm txheej siv tshwj xeeb.
IV. Kev txheeb xyuas qhov xwm txheej siv tiag tiag hauv kev xa zaub mov
4.1 Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ntim khoom xa tuaj
- Cov xwm txheej xa zaub mov txawv txawv ntawm qhov chaw kuaj mob, nrog rau cov ntsiab lus nyuaj suav nrog:
- Kub fluctuations:Cov zaub mov kub txias los ntawm 90-100℃(thaum siav) mus txog 50℃(thaum noj), thiab qhov kev hloov pauv no ua rau lub thermal expansion thiab contraction ntawm polymers, nce txoj kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw; kub hloov pauv txhawb kev tsiv teb tsaws zoo dua li qhov kub thiab txias tas li.
- Zaub mov txawv:Xws li cov zaub mov oily (braised nqaij npuas), cov khoom noj acidic (scrambled qe nrog txiv lws suav), kua zaub (ntsim lauj kaub), thiab cov zaub mov ntsim; ntau hom zaub mov muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw; kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom noj oily thiab acidic ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo siab tshaj plaws.
- Ntim thiab xa khoom:Cov ntim ntim ntim ua kom lub siab sab hauv, thaum lub hnab ntim ua pa nrawm nrawm; Lub caij ntuj sov kub (tshaj 35 degree) ua rau kub hloov pauv ntau dua, thiab lub caij ntuj no tsis tshua muaj kub ua rau cov thawv togo uas tsis muaj dej khov; kev co kev thauj mus los yuav ua rau micro- tawg, nthuav qhov chaw tsiv teb tsaws.
4.2 Dispolable togo lub thawv Zoo thiab cov qauv tsim khoom
- Qhov zoo ntawm PP cov khoom xa tuaj ntim sib txawv, thiab kev ua lag luam yog raws li hauv qab no:
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Teeb meem nrog cov khoom tsis zoo:Tshaj li 1/3 ntawm cov thawv togo dispolable tau pom tias muaj cov khoom phom sij (plasticizers, styrene); cov khoom pheej yig feem ntau siv cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab, muaj cov khoom siv ntau dhau, thiab tsim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tsis zoo; lawv qhov kub tsis kam yog feem ntau qis dua 90 degree, thiab qhov kev pheej hmoo yuav nce siab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
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Cov kev xav tau rau cov khoom tsim nyog:Infrared spectroscopy txuam nrog tus qauv PP Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 95%; tag nrho kev tsiv teb tsaws Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 10mg / dm² (dej-raws li), Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 60mg / dm² (roj-raws li); hnyav hlau lead tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 1mg / kg, cadmium Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 0.2mg / kg; tsis muaj deformation tom qab immersion nyob rau hauv 100℃dej kub, tsis muaj fluorescent tshuaj los yog tsw; Cov khoom lag luam niaj hnub muaj cov ntsiab lus hlau hnyav 50% qis dua li cov qauv hauv tebchaws, thiab cov evaporation residue yog qis dua qhov txwv.
4.3 Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev siv tus cwj pwm
- Kev noj qeeb:Txawm hais tias 98.8% ntawm cov neeg siv khoom noj khoom haus tsis pub dhau 1 teev, ncua kev noj mus rau 4 teev ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau ntxiv.
- Reheating:Microwave cua sov ua kom lub cev degradation ntawm antioxidants, thiab ib co dispolable togo lub hau hau yog ua los ntawm PET/PS cov ntaub ntawv (tsis kub{0}}resistant), tso tawm ntau yam teeb meem; tom qab 5 rov ua cua sov, cov tshuaj lom neeg tso tawm yog 2.8 npaug ntau dua li thawj cov cua sov, nce mus txog qhov txwv.
- Rov siv dua thiab khaws cia tsis raug:PP dispolable togo thawv yog tsim los siv ib zaug; rov siv dua ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev laus; tso cov zaub mov kub ncaj qha rau hauv lub tub yees ua rau cov khoom shrinkage; Hnub ci ncaj qha ua rau kom muaj kev puas tsuaj, thiab ntev - lub sij hawm cia yuav txhawb kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm cov tshuaj maj mam.
V. Kev soj ntsuam kev pheej hmoo thiab kev soj ntsuam kev noj qab haus huv
5.1 Kev ntsuam xyuas mob toxicity
Qhov mob toxicity ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv PP dispolable togo thawv yog tsawg, thiab cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb raug txwv:
Cov ntaub ntawv toxicity:Bisphenol A qhov ncauj LD50 nyob rau hauv nas yog 4200 mg / kg, dioctyl phthalate (DEHP) yog 30000 mg / kg, BHT> 1700 mg / kg, tag nrho yog suav tias yog tsawg toxicity. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm microplastics yog kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev (xws li kev mob plab hnyuv).
Mob txaus ntshai scenarios:Siv cov thawv ntim khoom togo uas tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev ntawm ib zaug, thiab cov neeg muaj kev fab tshuaj. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov mob hnyav nyob rau hauv kev siv ib txwm muaj tsawg heev.
5.2 Kev soj ntsuam toxicity thiab Carcinogenicity
Ntev -lub sij hawm qis- koob tshuaj raug yog qhov txaus ntshai, nrog rau cov kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb hauv qab no:
Mob toxicity:Bisphenol A cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm endocrine thiab cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm kev loj hlob; phthalates ua rau txo cov phev suav thiab kev coj khaub ncaws tsis zoo; microplastics nkag mus rau hauv plab hnyuv barrier thiab ua rau mob o.
Carcinogenicity:Styrene monomer (tso tawm los ntawm PS dispolable togo thawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias) yog Pawg 2B carcinogen raws li IARC, bisphenol A yog Pawg 3 (carcinogenicity tsis paub meej), thiab feem ntau PP additives tsis yog carcinogenic, tab sis ntev - lub sij hawm tsub zuj zuj tseem yuav tsum tau ceev faj.
Sensitive pejxeem:Cov menyuam yaus, cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, thiab cov neeg laus muaj peev xwm ua kom tsis muaj zog hauv metabolic, thiab cov kev pheej hmoo mob ntev muaj ntau dua li cov hluas thiab nruab nrab- cov neeg laus.
5.3 Endocrine cuam tshuam cuam tshuam
Ntawm cov tshuaj tsiv teb tsaws, bisphenol A thiab phthalates yog cov cuam tshuam endocrine tseem ceeb, nrog rau cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
Mechanism ntawm kev ua:Bisphenol A muaj estrogen{0}}zoo li kev ua si thiab khi rau cov tshuaj estrogen receptors; phthalates muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv -androgen kev ua haujlwm thiab cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj hormone secretion.
Kev cuam tshuam:Txo cov phev zoo thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm prostate cancer hauv cov txiv neej; nce kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob qog noj ntshav mis thiab kev coj khaub ncaws tsis zoo hauv cov poj niam; precocious puberty thiab ncua kev txawj ntse nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam.
Cov teebmeem tshwj xeeb:Cov koob tshuaj tsawg yuav muaj qhov cuam tshuam ntau dua li cov koob tshuaj siab (tsis yog- koob tshuaj ib txwm- teb), thiab kis tau thaum lub sij hawm embryonic thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas theem yog qhov teeb meem tshaj plaws thiab tej zaum yuav dhau mus dhau tiam neeg.
5.4 Cov teebmeem tshwm sim thiab cov pej xeem sib txawv
5.5 Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Ruaj Ntseg (4-teev scenario)
Qhov kev pheej hmoo thiab cuam tshuam ntawm 4-teev scenario (kub poob ntawm 90℃mus rau 50 degree) yog raws li nram no:
Risk Classification:
- Tsawg Risk:Tsim nyog tshiab PP dispolable togo thawv, tsis yog - cov zaub mov muaj roj hauv qab 70 degree, noj hauv 2 teev;
- Medium Risk:Ordinary tsim nyog PP dispolable togo thawv, khoom noj uas muaj roj me me ntawm 70-80 degree, noj hauv 2-3 teev;
- Siab Risk:Inferior/recycled material dispolable togo boxes, high-cov zaub mov roj/acidic saum 80 degree, noj tom qab ntau tshaj 3 teev + microwave cua sov.
- Cov kev pheej hmoo tshwj xeeb hauv 4-teev scenario:Tag nrho cov nyiaj tsiv teb tsaws chaw nyob ze rau / me ntsis dhau lub teb chaws cov qauv, bisphenol A tshaj tus qauv los ntawm 2-3 zaug, thiab microplastic tso tawm nce ntxiv; luv-cov teebmeem tshwm sim tuaj yeem suav nrog kev zom zaub mov tsis zoo thiab kev ua xua, qhov nruab nrab- cov teebmeem tshwm sim tuaj yeem ua rau endocrine ntshawv siab, thiab cov teebmeem ntev yuav ua rau muaj kab mob plawv thiab mob qog noj ntshav.
VI. Cov lus qhia txog kev siv txuj ci thiab kev tswj hwm kev pheej hmoo
6.1 Dispolable togo box Xaiv Qhia
Xaiv cov khoom tsim nyog PP dispolable togo thawv yog thawj kauj ruam hauv kev tswj hwm kev pheej hmoo. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog raws li nram no:
Cov ntaub ntawv qhia:Ua ntej cov thawv ntim nrog "PP5" cim rau hauv qab (tus naj npawb "5" lossis "PP" hauv daim duab peb sab), zam "6" (PS, tso cov khoom tsis zoo siab tshaj 75 degree), "7" (PC, tej zaum yuav muaj bisphenol A), thiab cov khoom tsis muaj cov cim.
Qhov tshwm sim thiab ntawv pov thawj:Qhov saum npoo yuav tsum du yam tsis muaj burrs lossis tsw, xim yuav tsum zoo ib yam, thiab kev ntxhib los mos yuav tsum tawv; nws yuav tsum muaj "rau kev sib cuag zaub mov," "GB 4806.7," thiab "SC mark," thiab rau kev siv microwave, nws yuav tsum muaj "microwaveable" cim.
Channels thiab Brands:Xaiv zoo-cov npe nrov thiab yuav los ntawm cov khw loj loj / cov khw muag khoom lag luam, thov rau thib peb-cov ntaub ntawv kuaj xyuas tog; zam cov khoom luv nqi 50% qis dua tus nqi lag luam (cov no feem ntau tsis zoo).
6.2 Kev Ntsuas Kub thiab Lub Sijhawm Tswjhwm Zoo
Kev tshawb fawb tswj qhov kub thiab lub sijhawm los txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw:
Kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias:Cia cov zaub mov kub sawv ntsug rau 3-5 feeb tom qab ua noj (kom txias kom qis dua 80 degree) ua ntej ntim; Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua haujlwm kub yog Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 60 degree, tsis txhob kub siab tshaj 70 degree; cia cov zaub mov kib sawv ntsug ntev dua 1 feeb, thiab txias cov kua zaub kub kom qis dua 70 degree; siv nruab nrab-tsawg cua sov rau microwave cua sov, tsis pub tshaj 3 feeb.
Kev tswj lub sijhawm:Lub sijhawm noj tau zoo tshaj plaws yog tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 2 teev, qhov kev nyab xeeb tsis pub tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 3 teev, thiab xav tau ceev faj tom qab 4 teev; Yog tias dhau lub sijhawm no, hloov mus rau iav / ceramic ntim, thiab refrigerate tom qab txias (tsis txhob tso cov zaub mov kub ncaj qha).
6.3 Kev hloov kho zaub mov
Kho cov kev siv raws li hom zaub mov, txawv kev tswj kev pheej hmoo:
Tsawg- cov khoom noj uas pheej hmoo (mov, steamed buns, do-fried zaub, hauv qab 60 degree): Siv PP dispolable togo thawv ib txwm, tswj lub sijhawm.
Nruab nrab- cov khoom noj uas pheej hmoo (kib- cov nqaij kib, stews, 60-70℃nrog cov roj me me): Xaiv cov khoom zoo PP dispolable togo thawv, haus hauv 3 teev.
High- cov khoom noj uas pheej hmoo (braised nqaij npuas, kib nqaij qaib, ntsim lauj kaub kub, siab tshaj 70℃nrog roj / acidity): Ua ntej siv cov thawv ntawv txhuas / iav ntim; Yog tias siv PP dispolable togo thawv, siv tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 2 teev thiab tsis txhob siv lub tshuab microwaving.
Cov khoom noj uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab heev (cov zaub mov kib tshiab, cov zaub mov muaj kua qaub, siab dua 80 degree): Tsis txhob siv PP dispolable togo thawv; xaiv cov cua sov-resistant ceramic / stainless hlau.
6.4 Kho kom raug siv thiab cia txoj kev
Kev siv tus qauv thiab kev khaws cia tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntxiv; cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog raws li nram no:
Kev npaj ua ntej siv:Txheeb xyuas tias lub thawv togo dispolable tsis muaj qhov tawg lossis deformation, thiab xyuas kom lub hau kaw kom zoo; yaug nrog dej ntws thiab cua qhuav lawm (tsis txhob so nrog phuam kom tiv thaiv cov fibers seem); yog tias tuav- cov zaub mov kub, preheat lub thawv nrog dej sov kom txo cov khoom shrinkage los yog micro- tawg tshwm sim los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tam sim ntawd.
Kev ceev faj siv:Sau lub thawv kom txog li 80% muaj peev xwm, tawm hauv 10% -20% qhov chaw los tiv thaiv cov dej ntws vim thermal expansion lossis nce siab tom qab sealing; tsis txhob tso ncaj qha rau cov khoom noj kib tshiab (xws li nqaij qaib kib) lossis cov kua dej kub npau npau (xws li 100℃kua zaub) rau hauv PP dispolable togo thawv; cia lawv txias kom qis dua 70℃ua ntej muab tso rau hauv lub thawv; tsis txhob nyem los yog tsoo lub thawv thaum thauj los tiv thaiv kev tawg thiab khoom noj los ntawm cov khoom tawg.
Kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev tuav pov hwm tom qab:Cov khoom noj uas tsis tiav yuav tsum tau hloov los ntawm PP dispolable togo lub thawv rau lub khob los yog ceramic ntim ua ntej tub yees; tsis txhob khaws cov zaub mov hauv lub thawv PP rau lub sijhawm ntev (ntau tshaj 24 teev); khaws lub thawv rau hauv qhov chaw txias, qhuav, kom deb ntawm tshav ntuj ncaj qha (kom tiv thaiv UV hluav taws xob los ntawm kev ua kom cov laus) thiab cov cua sov (xws li lub qhov cub thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob); PP dispolable togo thawv yuav tsum muab pov tseg tam sim tom qab siv; tsis txhob ntxuav thiab rov siv dua (rov siv dua yuav ua rau cov khoom laus thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw).
6.5 Lwm yam thiab yav tom ntej Outlook
Ntxiv nrog rau kev siv scientific ntawm PP dispolable togo thawv, xaiv cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog thiab txhawb kev txhim kho kev lag luam kuj tseem ceeb heev:
Kev sib piv ntawm cov khoom siv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws:
| Khoom siv | Qhov zoo | Qhov tsis zoo | Siv tau Scenarios |
| iav | Chemically ruaj khov, kub resistant, reusable | Hnyav, tawg yooj yim | Kev khaws cia hauv tsev, tsis yog -scenarios takeaway |
| Ceramic | Muaj kev nyab xeeb, tsis yog - lom, zoo nkauj thiab ruaj khov | Fragile, nruab nrab kub tuav | Tsev noj mov, tsev noj mov noj-in/takeaway |
| Stainless hlau | Kub kub resistant, corrosion resistant | Ua kom sov sai sai (yooj yim kub hnyiab tes), reacts yooj yim nrog cov khoom noj acidic | Pab zaub mov kub (tsis yog-acidic) |
| Aluminium Ntawv Nyiaj | Kub kub resistant, recyclable | Tsis microwaveable, reacts yooj yim nrog cov khoom noj acidic | High -cov zaub mov kub (xws li barbecue, ci mov) |
| Biodegradable Materials (PLA, starch-raws li) | Ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, biodegradable | Tsis zoo kub tsis kam (<80℃), high cost | Tsawg- cov zaub mov kub (piv txwv li, zaub nyoos, pastries) |
Kev txhim kho rau kev lag luam takeaway:Txhawb nqa cov txheej txheem ntim khoom, tsim kom muaj "cov khoom pov tseg togo lub thawv zoo traceability system," thiab xav kom cov lag luam nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj togo uas tsis muaj pov thawj; txhim kho PP cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias tsis kam thiab tsis tshua muaj kev tsiv teb tsaws (xws li ntxiv nano- txheej thaiv) kom txo tau qhov kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg; txhawb nqa cov thawv ntim khoom siv rov qab siv tau (xws li cov thawv ntim khoom siv rov siv tau), nrog rau kev txhawb nqa rov ua dua tshiab thiab tshuaj tua kab mob, kom txo tau kev noj ib zaug -siv ntim; tsim cov ntim khoom ntse (xws li qhov kub thiab txias -sensing labels) kom ceeb toom cov neeg siv khoom seb cov khoom noj puas nyob hauv qhov kub thiab txias.
Cov lus qhia rau cov neeg siv khoom:Txo qhov zaus ntawm kev xaj khoom noj, ua ntej noj mov hauv lossis npaj zaub mov hauv tsev; thaum txiav txim takeaway, qhia meej "siv tsim nyog PP5 dispolable togo thawv" thiab xaiv cov lag luam uas txhawb ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg ntim; nqa koj tus kheej cov khoom siv rov qab siv tau (xws li cov thawv noj su tsis muaj steel hlau, iav straws) kom txo tau kev siv cov thawv pov tseg pov tseg; Yog tias koj pom muaj teeb meem nrog lub thawv togo dispolable, xws li cov ntxhiab tsw txawv txav lossis deformation, qhia rau cov lag luam lossis cov neeg tswj xyuas kom raws sijhawm los txhawb kev txhim kho kev lag luam.
VII. Cov ntsiab lus
Kev nyab xeeb ntawm PP yas dispolable togo thawv nyob rau hauv 4-teev cov khoom noj kub kub yuav tsum muaj kev soj ntsuam xyuas txog "cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv - kev siv cov xwm txheej - kev tswj kev pheej hmoo": Tshiab PP dispolable togo thawv ua raws li cov qauv hauv tebchaws (GB 4806.7-} muaj kev pheej hmoo tsawg {0} 2023) qis dua 70℃tsawg dua 2 teev; Txawm li cas los xij, ncua sij hawm mus rau 4 teev, siab tshaj 70 degree, lossis kev sib cuag nrog cov khoom noj muaj roj / acidic ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg (xws li bisphenol A thiab microplastics), tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog cov ntim tsis zoo lossis hauv microwave cua sov scenarios.
Lub hauv paus ntawm kev tswj hwm kev pheej hmoo nyob hauv "kev xaiv kev tshawb fawb + kev siv tus qauv": ua ntej PP5-labeled ntim nrog cov ntawv pov thawj kom zoo, tswj cov khoom noj kub kom tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 70 degree, thiab lub sijhawm tiv tauj tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 3 teev, thiab tsis txhob siv microwave cua sov thiab rov siv dua; Tib lub sijhawm, kev lag luam nqa tawm yuav tsum tau ua kom cov thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab tsim qauv, thiab cov neeg siv khoom yuav tsum txhim kho lawv txoj kev paub txog kev nyab xeeb kom pom qhov sib npaug ntawm "kev yooj yim" thiab "kev noj qab haus huv." Nrog rau kev nce qib hauv cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis thiab kev ua kom nrov ntawm cov tswv yim tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, cov kev daws teeb meem zoo dua thiab ruaj khov dua yuav tshwm sim yav tom ntej, txo qis kev pheej hmoo rau pej xeem kev noj qab haus huv.
