Thaum xaiv cov yas pov tsegburger rau - mus rau lub thawv, polypropylene (PP) yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tiv thaiv tshav kub, nrog rau qhov kub thiab txias ntawm 130-140 degree. Nws yog cov khoom siv yas nkaus xwb pom zoo rau microwave cua sov. Hauv qhov sib piv, polystyrene (PS) muaj qhov tsis zoo thaum tshav kub kub (70-90 degree), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) muaj qhov kub tsis zoo tshaj plaws (tsuas yog 70 degree), thiab polyethylene (PE) kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo thaum tshav kub kub (70-110 degree).
I. Kev faib tawm thiab kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom ntim khoom noj uas siv tau pov tseg
1.1 Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb thiab cov yam ntxwv
Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov yas pov tsegburger rau - mus rau lub thawvmuaj xws li polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), thiab polyethylene (PE). Cov ntaub ntawv no txawv heev nyob rau hauv cov qauv molecular, lub cev muaj zog, thiab kub tsis kam.
Polypropylene (PP):Feem ntau siv thaum tshav kub kub- cov khoom ntim khoom noj resistant. Nws yog xim tsis muaj xim thiab translucent, thiab muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo, tiv thaiv tshav kub, hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev, cov khoom siv kho tshuab, thiab hnav tsis kam. PP ntim feem ntau yog mos, pob tshab, los yog translucent, thiab kev khiav hauj lwm kub yog -6℃rau +120℃. Hloov kho PP tuaj yeem siv ntawm qhov kub ntawm -18℃txog +110℃.
Polystyrene (PS):Harder thiab pob tshab, tab sis yooj yim torn. Nws ruaj khov heev nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, tab sis pib soften thaum rhuab mus rau 75 degree, thiab decomposes rau hauv styrene roj ntawm kub kub. PS muaj qhov ua tau zoo heev qis- qhov kub thiab txias thiab yog cov khoom ntim zoo tagnrho rau cov khoom noj hauv tub yees xws li ice cream.
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET):muaj cov cua kub tsis zoo, nrog rau qhov siab tshaj plaws ua haujlwm kub tsis tshaj 70 degree. Nws yooj yim deforms thaum rhuab los yog ntim nrog dej kub, thiab tuaj yeem tso cov khoom tsis zoo. PET feem ntau yog siv rau hauv lub raj mis dej ntxhia thiab lub raj mis dej haus, thiab tsis haum rau kev siv liburger rau - mus boxes.
Polyethylene (PE):muab faib ua high-density polyethylene (HDPE) thiab low-density polyethylene (LDPE). HDPE muaj qhov kub thiab txias ua haujlwm zoo, tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov, siab rigidity thiab toughness, thiab waxy xav. LDPE yog lub teeb tshaj plaws ntawm polyethylene cob, yog mis nyuj dawb, thiab muaj qhov yooj yim, extensibility, hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev, pob tshab, thiab yooj yim ntawm kev ua.
1.2 Cov txheej txheem kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom
Cov yas burger sib txawv rau - mus rau lub thawv tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas feem ntau los ntawm kev soj ntsuam tus lej cim rov qab rau hauv qab. Daim duab peb sab no, tsim los ntawm peb tus xub txuas txuas kawg - mus rau - kawg, sawv cev rau kev rov ua dua tshiab, thiab tus lej nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm daim duab peb sab (1-7) yog tus lej rau hom yas, siv cov lej thiab cov ntawv luv luv los qhia txog hom resin siv hauv cov yas. Qhov tshwj xeeb tus lej coding correspondence yog raws li hauv qab no:
Tsis yog . 1 (PET lossis PETE):Polyethylene terephthalate, feem ntau siv hauv lub raj mis haus thiab ntim khoom noj.
Tsis yog . 2 (HDPE):High-polyethylene ntom ntom, feem ntau siv hauv lub raj mis mis, lub raj mis detergent, thiab lwm yam.
Tsis yog . 3 (PVC):Polyvinyl chloride, feem ntau siv hauv cov kav dej yas thiab qee cov ntim khoom noj; tsis pom zoo rau kev cia khoom noj.
Tsis yog . 4 (LDPE):Tsawg-polyethylene ntom ntom, feem ntau siv hauv cov hnab yuav khoom thiab ntim khoom noj.
Tsis yog . 5 (PP):Polypropylene, feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv microwaveable burger rau - mus thawv thiab yogurt khob; nws tsuas yog cov khoom siv tsis zoo rau kev siv microwave.
Tsis yog . 6 (PS):Polystyrene, feem ntau siv hauv cov khoom siv pov tseg thiab ua npuas dej.
Tsis yog. 7 (OTHER):Lwm hom khoom yas, nrog rau ntau yam khoom siv yas.
II. Cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws sib piv ntawm cov cua sov ntawm cov khoom sib txawv
2.1 Kev sib piv ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Kub Kub Kub Kub
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv scanning calorimetry (DSC) cov ntaub ntawv, muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv cov thermal kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom sib txawv:
| Khoom siv | Ua haujlwm kub (degree) | Tg (degree) | HDT (degree) | Tm (degree) |
| PP | -20-120 | -10--20 | 100-120 | 160-170 |
| HDPE | -40-120 | -125 | 75-85 | 130-135 |
| LDPE | -60-90 | -110 | 40-50 | 105-115 |
| PS | -40-90 | 95 | 75-100 | 240-250 |
| PET | -40-120 | 70-80 | 70-80 | 250-260 |
Raws li tuaj yeem pom los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, cov khoom siv PP muaj qhov kub siab tshaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (100-120 degree) thiab melting point (160-170 degree) ntawm cov khoom siv yas ntim khoom noj. PP cov ntaub ntawv muaj qhov kub hloov pauv iav qis heev (kwv yees qis dua 0 degree), uas txhais tau hais tias nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub thiab dej kub kub, nws cov qauv crystalline tseem nyob ruaj khov, thiab cov saw hlau molecular nyob rau hauv thaj av amorphous kuj muaj kev nruj, yog li nthuav tawm cov cua sov zoo heev.
Hauv qhov sib piv, txawm hais tias PET muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws melting point (250-260 degree), nws cov iav hloov pauv kub (70-80 degree) yog qhov tsis muaj zog. Thaum cov dej kub tshaj 70 degree, cov khoom yuav hloov los ntawm lub xeev iav mus rau lub xeev elastic heev, ua rau lub raj mis ntsws, soften, thiab deform sai. PS cov khoom muaj qhov kub thiab txias ntawm 75-100 degree, thiab pib soften ntawm kev siv kub ntawm 75 degree. Cov khoom siv PE muaj qhov ua rau kub tsis zoo; LDPE muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm 40-50 degree, thiab HDPE tsuas yog 75-85 degree.
2.2 Kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias
Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb - ntsuas kub, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom sib txawv txawv heev. Cov pab pawg tshawb fawb tau pom los ntawm kev sim sim uas thaum muaj cov khoom noj kub kub xws li nqaij npuas braised (78 degree) thiab kua zaub kub thiab qaub (85 degree), polypropylene (PP) burger rau - mus thawv tso tawm kwv yees li 12,000 microplastic hais ib square centimeter li ntawm 15 feeb (PS) ntau npaum li cas (PS) burger burge thaum 15 feeb raws li 35,000 hais nyob rau hauv tib yam kev mob.
Qhov kev txhawj xeeb ntau dua yog tias thaum qhov kub siab tshaj 65 degree, qee cov tshuaj perfluorinated tso tawm los ntawm burger mus rau - mus rau lub thawv tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlab ntsha endothelium ncaj qha, ua rau cov txheej txheem ntawm arteriosclerosis. Txawm hais tias PP burger rau - mus rau lub thawv muaj kev nyab xeeb, lawv tseem tuaj yeem tso cov khoom tsis zoo nyob rau hauv ntev - lub sij hawm siab - qhov kub thiab txias. Cov kev sim qhia tau hais tias polypropylene (PP) burger rau- mus rau lub thawv uas muaj 70℃cov kua zaub kub tuaj yeem tso tawm kaum tawm txhiab tus microplastic hais nyob rau hauv 15 feeb, thiab cov khoom no yooj yim adsorb cov roj los ua cov pa phem.
2.3 Kev Hloov Ua Haujlwm Thaum Ntxov -Kev Siv Lub Sij Hawm
Ntev- siv sijhawm ntev lossis cua sov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom yas tuaj yeem ua rau cov saw hlau hloov pauv. Yog tias lub thawv ntim khoom noj tau muab tso rau hauv qhov cub microwave tshaj qhov kub tsis kam, nws tuaj yeem tso cov yas yas lossis bisphenol A.
Kev rov ua cua sov tuaj yeem ua rau lub thawv deform, thiab elasticity ntawm sealing sawb kom txo qis, cuam tshuam rau kev nyab xeeb. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb xyoo 2024 tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv *Environmental Science & Technology* tau qhia tias thaum cov tais diav yas los rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov zaub mov kub lossis dej kub siab tshaj 60 degree, cov tshuaj lom neeg tso tawm tau nce 3-5 zaug piv rau chav sov. Kev ntsuam xyuas 2024 los ntawm Shanghai Consumer Rights Protection Committee tau pom tias ib lub thawv ntim khoom noj PP, tom qab tau ua kom sov tsib zaug ntau zaus, tso tawm tag nrho cov tshuaj 2.8 npaug ntau dua thaum nws siv thawj zaug, nrog qee cov khoom mus txog qhov txwv tau teev tseg hauv GB 4806.7-2016 "Plastic Materials and Articles for Food Contact."
III. Thaum tshav kub kub Resistance Performance in Practical Application Scenarios
3.1 Microwave Cua sov Scenario
Hauv qhov xwm txheej cua sov microwave, PP cov khoom yog tib lub thawv ntim khoom noj uas tuaj yeem siv tau zoo. Cov khoom siv PP muaj qhov ntsuas kub ntawm 100-140 degree, thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias ua los ntawm cov khoom noj thaum lub sijhawm cua sov microwave. Txawm tias luv luv -lub sij hawm cua sov ntawm cov khoom noj uas muaj dej noo (xws li kua zaub thiab porridge) yuav tsis ua rau softening, deformation, los yog tso tawm cov tshuaj lom.
Raws li lub teb chaws tus qauv GB/T 18006.1-2009 "Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb rau Cov Khoom Siv Yas Cov Khoom Siv pov tseg," yog tias lub thawv ntim khoom noj yas tau tshaj tawm tias tsim nyog rau microwave cua sov, nws yuav tsum tau cim nrog "tsim nyog rau kev siv microwave thiab kev siv kub." PP cov khoom muaj qhov kub-kub tiv taus txog li 120℃thiab tsis yooj yim deformed los yog tso tawm cov khoom tsis zoo thaum cua sov.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias lub hau yas burger rau - mus rau lub thawv feem ntau tsis yog ua los ntawm PP khoom; nyob rau hauv ntau zaus, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) los yog lwm yam tsawg- tshav kub- yas resistant yog siv. Cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem tso cov khoom tsis zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Yog li ntawd, thaum siv PP burger rau - mus rau lub thawv rau microwave cua sov, nws raug nquahu kom tshem lub hau kom tsis txhob muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev nyab xeeb.
Cov kev sim ua los ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Food Science ntawm Tuam Tshoj Agricultural University tau pom tias microwave cua sov ntawm cov yas burger mus rau - mus rau lub thawv nrog lub hau tuaj yeem ua rau qhov kub thiab txias sab hauv hauv cheeb tsam siab tshaj 140 degree, deb tshaj cov khoom siv siab ntev.
Microwave Cua Kub Ceev Ceev faj:
- Tshem lub hau ntawm lub thawv zaub mov ua ntej cua sov
- Tswj lub sijhawm cua sov kom tsis pub dhau 4 feeb ntawm ib zaug
- Tsis txhob cua sov cov khoom noj uas kub heev nrog roj kub
- Tsis txhob rov qab siv cov thawv rau lub sijhawm ntev - lossis rov ua cua sov dua
3.2 Scenario: Muaj Cov Khoom Noj Tshiab Tshiab
Txawm hais tias PP cov khoom siv burger rau - mus rau lub thawv tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias thaum muaj cov khoom noj tshiab tshiab ntawm 80-100 degree, lawv tseem yuav tso tawm qee qhov microplastics. Kev sim cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias PP burger to-go thawv tso tawm kwv yees li 12,000 microplastic hais ib square centimeter nyob rau hauv 15 feeb thaum muaj nqaij npuas braised ntawm 78 degree.
PS cov ntaub ntawv burger rau- mus rau lub thawv ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm qhov kub siab. Jinan University lub chaw soj nstuam pom tias cov burger pov tseg pov tseg rau - mus rau lub thawv ntawv "PS6" (polystyrene) tau pib tso tawm ntev -chain alkanes, ib qho chaw uas yuav ua rau mob thiab kab mob endocrine, tom qab sib cuag nrog 100℃boiling dej rau 10 feeb. Lub tshav kub tsis kam ntawm PS cov ntaub ntawv tsuas yog 90 degree. Thaum nws muaj cov khoom noj kub tshaj 90 degree, nws yuav tso cov khoom tsis zoo xws li styrene. Kev siv sijhawm ntev - tuaj yeem ua rau lub siab thiab lub raum ua haujlwm, lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb, thiab tseem ua rau muaj mob qog noj ntshav.
PET cov ntaub ntawv burger rau - mus rau lub thawv yog tsis tsim nyog rau muaj cov khoom noj kub - kub. Qhov ntsuas kub ntawm PET feem ntau yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 70 degree. Nws yog yooj yim deformed los ntawm tshav kub thiab tej zaum yuav tso tawm teeb meem tshuaj.
Txhawm rau kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, cov kev ntsuas hauv qab no raug pom zoo:
- Cia cov zaub mov tshiab tshiab txias rau hauv lub phaj ceramic rau 5 feeb kom txog thaum qhov kub poob qis dua 60℃ua ntej xa mus rau lub thawv ntim khoom yas.
- Ua ntej PP cov ntaub ntawv burger rau - mus rau lub thawv (lub npe "microwave- nyab xeeb").
- Tsis txhob siv cov khoom PS burger rau - mus rau lub thawv rau zaub mov kub.
3.3 Lwm Cov Kev Kub Siab -Cov Ntawv Thov Kub
Dhau li ntawm microwave cua sov thiab tuav cov zaub mov tshiab, muaj lwm yam siab - qhov kub thiab txias siv los xav txog:
Chav
PP cov ntaub ntawv burger rau - mus rau lub thawv tuaj yeem muab tso ncaj qha rau hauv lub tshuab cua sov vim tias lawv cov thermal stability zoo heev, uas tuaj yeem tiv taus kub txog 120 degree. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov kub thiab txias thaum lub sij hawm steaming yuav siab tshaj 100 degree, yog li nws pom zoo kom xaiv PP burger rau - mus rau lub thawv ntawv sau tias "tsim rau steaming" thiab tswj lub sij hawm cua sov.
High -Tub kub Oily Foods
Txawm tias PP cov ntaub ntawv burger rau - mus rau lub thawv yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj kev sib cuag ntev nrog cov roj kub siab -. Cov kev sim tau pom tias kev sib cuag ntev ntawm PP burger mus rau - mus rau lub thawv nrog siab - cov roj kub yuav ua rau kom muaj cov khoom tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum tau ceev faj ntxiv thaum tuav cov zaub mov kib lossis siab - cov zaub mov kub uas muaj roj ntau.
Cia nyob rau hauv siab -kub ib puag ncig
Thaum lub caij ntuj sov, qhov kub hauv lub tsheb tuaj yeem ncav cuag 70℃nyob rau hauv tshav ntuj ncaj qha. Txawm tias tsis muaj zaub mov, cov khoom tsis zoo yuav maj mam tso tawm ntawm cov yas burger mus rau - mus rau lub thawv. Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob khaws cov yas burger rau - mus rau lub thawv hauv siab - qhov kub thiab txias rau lub sijhawm ntev.
IV. Kev ntsuas kub tiv thaiv kev ntsuas thiab kev pom zoo siv
4.1 Qib ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Thaum Kub Kub Ua Haujlwm
| Qib | Khoom siv | Kub Resistance Kub | Yam ntxwv | Siv tau Scenarios |
| 1 | PP (polypropylene) | 130-140 degrees | Tsuas yog microwave- cov khoom siv nyab xeeb muaj tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov | Microwave cua sov, tuav cov zaub mov kub |
| 2 | HDPE (High -polyethylene ntom) | 110 degree | Zoo kub tsis kam, tsis yooj yim decomposed | Luv -lub sij hawm cia cov zaub mov kub |
| 3 | PS (Polystyrene) | 70-90 degree | Cov cua kub tsis zoo, tso tawm cov khoom tsis zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias | Tsuas yog haum rau chav sov lossis tub yees |
| 4 | LDPE (Low{0}}polyethylene ntom ntom) | 70-80 degree | Tsis zoo kub tsis kam, yooj yim deformed | Tsis haum rau siab -kub siv |
| 5 | PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) | 70 degree | Qhov kub tsis zoo tshaj plaws, yooj yim deformed ntawm qhov kub thiab txias | Tsuas yog tsim rau cov dej txias |
4.2 Cov lus qhia siv nyab xeeb
Txawm hais tias cov khoom siv PP yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tiv thaiv tshav kub, cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no tseem yuav tsum tau sau tseg hauv kev siv tiag tiag:
1. Xaiv cov khoom tsim nyog
- Nrhiav tus cim "Tsis yog. 5 PP" nyob hauv qab
- Xaiv cov thawv uas cim "microwave safe" lossis "food grade."
- Tsis txhob siv burger rau - mus rau lub thawv nrog daim duab peb sab ntawm 3 (PVC) lossis 6 (PS) hauv qab
2. Tswj kub thiab sijhawm
- Tsis txhob noj zaub mov siab tshaj 65℃hauv cov thawv yas
- Txias cov zaub mov kub kom qis dua 60℃ua ntej siv
- Txo cov cua sov hauv microwave rau 3-4 feeb
3. Kev siv kom raug
- Tshem lub hau thaum lub microwave cua sov
- Tsis txhob qhwv yas rau cua sov
- Kev rov ua cua sov tsis pom zoo
- Tsis txhob sib cuag nrog -kub ntawm cov zaub mov oily
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4. Ua tib zoo saib cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb
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Txawm tias cov khoom siv PP tuaj yeem tso cov khoom tsis zoo nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav
Kev tso tawm ntawm microplastics nce ntawm qhov kub thiab txias
Kev siv sijhawm ntev - yuav muaj teebmeem kev noj qab haus huv
4.3 Kev txiav txim siab txog cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb
Ntxiv rau cov khoom siv PP, PS, PET, thiab PE, qee cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb yog tsim nyog sau cia:
Crystalline PET (CPET)
Crystallized PET Lub tshav kub distortion ntawm cov khoom no tuaj yeem ncav cuag 196 degree, thiab nws tuaj yeem tswj nws cov duab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias hauv qab 180 degree. Nws tuaj yeem siv los tuav cov zaub mov kub thiab tsim nyog rau kev ua burger rau - mus rau lub thawv uas yuav tsum tau muaj kev kub ntxhov siab, xws li lub thawv noj su, tais, phaj, thiab khob. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv no tsis muaj nyob hauv cov burger pov tseg rau - mus rau lub thawv.
Melamine cob (MF)
Melamine tableware, tseem hu ua imitation porcelain tableware, tuaj yeem tiv taus kub txog 110-130 degree. Txawm li cas los xij, melamine tableware tau yooj yim deformed ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab tsis tuaj yeem siv hauv microwave ncu lossis qhov cub. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob txhuam nrog steel wool. Yog tias hnav, tawg, lossis tsis muaj xim tshwm sim, nws yuav tsum tau hloov tam sim ntawd.
Polycarbonate (PC)
Cov khoom siv PC muaj qhov kub thiab txias ntawm 120-130 degree, tab sis vim muaj peev xwm tso tawm bisphenol A, nws tau maj mam hloov los ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv. Raws li lub teb chaws tus qauv, cov khoom siv PC tsis raug tso cai siv rau hauv kev tsim cov menyuam mos lub raj mis.
V. Summary
Polypropylene (PP) yog undoubtedly qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv rau tshav kub kub nyob rau hauv pov tseg yas burger rau - mus thawv, nrog ib tug kub distortion kub txog li 120-140℃. Nws yog cov cua sov tshaj plaws- tiv taus ntawm txhua yam uas siv cov yas thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus microwave cua sov thiab cov khoom noj kub kub.
Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias cov khoom siv PP yuav tso cov khoom tsis zoo ntawm qhov kub siab heev (90-100℃). Yog li ntawd, kev siv lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog qhov tseem ceeb - tswj qhov kub thiab lub sijhawm kom muaj kev nyab xeeb. Ua ntej PP ntim cov cim "Tsis yog. 5" thiab txias cov zaub mov kub kub kom qis dua 60℃ua ntej siv.
Nrog rau kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab tuaj yeem tshwm sim, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tam sim no, PP tseem yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau tag nrho cov cua sov, ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm qhov siab tshaj - qhov kub thiab txias kev siv scenarios.
