Dab tsi yog Cov Khoom Siv Hauv Cov Khoom Noj Tshiab -Qib Plastic Noj su Rau - Mus Thawv?

1. Taw qhia

Cov khoom noj tshiab- qib yas noj su cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb yog xa mus rau cov ntaub ntawv uas tau tshwm sim lossis ua tiav cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv kev ntim khoom noj txij li xyoo 2021. Piv nrog rau cov roj av ib txwm muaj- cov khoom siv yas, lawv muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm biodegradability, kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev ua haujlwm. Raws li "Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb rau Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Biodegradable thiab Express Packaging" (GB / T41010-2021) muab los ntawm Standardization Administration ntawm Tuam Tshoj, biodegradablenoj su rau - mus ntimyuav tsum ua kom tiav tus nqi biodegradation ntau dua 90% nyob rau hauv 180 hnub nyob rau hauv composting tej yam kev mob, thiab cov khoom degradation yuav tsum tsis txhob ua phem rau cov av, dej, thiab ecosystems.

Raws li cov khoom siv, cov khoom noj tshiab - qib cov khoom noj khoom noj khoom haus yas yog feem ntau muab faib ua peb pawg: thawj, tag nrho bio-raws li biodegradable cov ntaub ntawv, xws li polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), thiab starch-raws li cov ntaub ntawv; thib ob, roj av-raws li biodegradable cov ntaub ntawv, xws li polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) thiab polybutylene succinate (PBS); thiab thib peb, cov khoom siv biodegradable, xws li PLA / PBAT blends. Txhua cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum dhau cov zaub mov- ntawv pov thawj qib thiab ua raws li Suav GB 4806 series qauv, US FDA cov qauv, lossis EU 10/2011 cov cai.

2. Kev faib tawm thiab cov yam ntxwv tsom xam cov khoom noj tshiab-Qib Plastic Noj su rau- Mus rau cov khoom ntim khoom

2.1 Bio-raws li Biodegradable Materials

2.1.1 Polylactic Acid (PLA) thiab nws cov khoom hloov kho

Polylactic acid (PLA) yog tam sim no cov khoom lag luam uas muaj biodegradable tshaj plaws. Nws yog tsuas yog tsim los ntawm cov nroj tsuag starches xws li pob kws thiab qab zib, los ntawm fermentation los tsim lactic acid, ua raws li los ntawm polymerization. Hauv 2023, PLA suav txog kwv yees li 42% ntawm cov khoom siv raw siv hauv biodegradablenoj su rau - mus ntimnyob rau hauv Suav teb, muaj cov pob tshab, rigidity, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo.

Lub ntsiab drawback ntawm ntshiab PLA yog nws tsis txaus tshav kub tsis kam; nws qhov kub hloov pauv kub feem ntau yog qis dua 60 degree, thiab nws cov iav hloov pauv kub yog kwv yees li 60-65℃. Txawm li cas los xij, nws qhov kev ua tau zoo tuaj yeem txhim kho tau zoo los ntawm kev hloov kho cov txheej txheem: siv CPLA (hloov PLA) thev naus laus zis, qhov kub tsis kam tuaj yeem nce mus rau 80-150 degree, ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau lub khob haus dej kub (80 degree) thiab qee lub sij hawm luv luv ntawm cov khoom noj kub; Tom qab qhia cov reactive compatibilizers (xws li Joncryl ADR) thiab nanocomposite technology, qhov cuam tshuam lub zog ntawm cov khoom yog nce los ntawm 2-3 kJ / m² rau PLA ntshiab rau 15-20 kJ / m²; Nrog kev pab los ntawm nucleating cov neeg ua hauj lwm thiab cov txheej txheem annealing, qhov kub distortion kub tuaj yeem tshaj 90 degree.

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm degradation kev ua tau zoo, PLA muaj peev xwm ua tau ib tug degradation tus nqi ntawm ntau tshaj 90% nyob rau hauv 90 hnub nyob rau hauv industrial composting tej yam kev mob (58-70 degree, 60% humidity, aerobic), tab sis tus degradation tus nqi slows down ho nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso ib puag ncig, thiab nws hardly degrades nyob rau hauv dej txias. Hais txog tus nqi, tus nqi ntawm PLA raw cov ntaub ntawv yog kwv yees li 17,500-23,000 yuan / ton, thiab tus nqi ntawm PLA resin poob mus rau 18,000 yuan / ton hauv 2024, txo qis ntawm 38.7% piv rau 2020 ncov.

2.1.2 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) yog synthesized los ntawm microbial fermentation ntawm qab zib los yog lipids, teej tug mus rau tag nrho bio-raws li cov ntaub ntawv. Lawv muaj biocompatibility zoo heev thiab ua tiav ib puag ncig degradability, thiab tuaj yeem degrade zoo txawm nyob rau hauv seawater los yog av, nrog ib tug degradation voj voog ntawm txog 3-6 lub hlis, tiag tiag ua tau ib tug "cradle-to-cradle" voj voog.

Txawm li cas los xij, daim ntawv thov kev lag luam ntawm PHA feem ntau txwv los ntawm tus nqi. Raws li tsab ntawv ceeb toom los ntawm Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology thiab Engineering, Suav Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb, thaum Lub Ib Hlis 2025, qhov nkag mus ntawm PHA hauv Suav teb biodegradable ntim khoom lag luam tsuas yog kwv yees li 5% xyoo 2023, feem ntau yog vim cov nqi tsim khoom siab (kwv yees li 2-3 npaug ntawm PLA) thiab tsis txaus{16}. Xyoo 2024, tus nqi tsim khoom ntawm PHA tseem yog siab li 40,000-60,000 yuan/ton, ntau dua li ntawm 22,000-28,000 yuan/ton ntawm PLA. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev ua tau zoo, PHA muaj zoo biocompatibility thiab degradability, tab sis nws thermal stability thiab kev ua tau zoo yuav tsum tau txhim kho. Tam sim no, Hengxin Lub Neej tau txhawb nqa kev siv PHA dej-raws li emulsion online txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheem los ntawm plaub tog qauv kev koom tes. Cov thev naus laus zis no tsis yog tsuas yog txo qhov teeb meem ntawm cov nqi PHA siab xwb tab sis kuj tsim cov nqi ntxiv rau kev ua lag luam nrog cov pulp rov qab ntawm ntau dua 95%.

2.1.3 Starch-raws li Composite Materials

Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab-raws li cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw siv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab xws li pob kws thiab cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ua cov khoom tseem ceeb. Los ntawm kev sib xyaw thiab hloov kho lawv nrog biodegradable polyesters xws li PLA thiab PBAT, cov nqi yuav raug txo, thiab biodegradability zoo tuaj. Nyob rau hauv 2023, lawv feem nyob rau hauv biodegradablenoj su rau - mus ntimyog kwv yees li 18%, nrog rau cov nqi raw khoom tsuas yog 8,000-12,000 yuan / tuj, qis dua PLA.

Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv no yog nyob rau hauv nws cov khoom siv raw muaj zog rov ua dua tshiab thiab tus nqi qis, tab sis nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab dej tsis zoo, thiab nws feem ntau yuav tsum tau muab sib xyaw thiab hloov nrog lwm cov khoom siv bio-raws li. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm National Development and Reform Commission lub Department of Resource Conservation and Environmental Protection hauv 2024, txawm hais tias cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab- cov khoom siv raws li tus nqi qis, cov plasticizers, compatibilizers, thiab lwm yam additives uas yuav tsum tau los txhim kho kev ua tau zoo yog imported loj, thiab lawv cov nqi raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg thoob ntiaj teb.

2.2 Petroleum-raws li Biodegradable Materials

2.2.1 Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate (PBAT)

Polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) yog ib nrab -crystalline elastomer, ua ke los ntawm polycondensation ntawm adipic acid, terephthalic acid, thiab butanediol, nrog crystallinity ntawm kwv yees li 10-20%. Nws muaj qhov yooj yooj yim thiab ductility, nrog rau elongation ntawm kev tawg ntawm 500-700%, ua rau nws yog ib qho nyuaj tshaj plaws biodegradable plastics tam sim no.

PBAT muaj qhov melting point ntawm kwv yees li 110-130℃thiab kub distortion ntawm kwv yees li 30-40 degree, nrog rau kev ua tau zoo, hloov tau rau ntau yam txheej txheem xws li txhaj tshuaj molding, extrusion, thiab zaj duab xis tshuab. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm degradation kev ua tau zoo, PBAT tuaj yeem degraded tag nrho hauv av nyob rau hauv 6-12 lub hlis, thiab cov khoom degradation yog non-toxic. Nws kuj degrades kuj sai heev nyob rau hauv ntau yam ib puag ncig. Vim tias nws tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov brittleness ntawm PLA, PBAT feem ntau yog siv hauv kev sib xyaw nrog PLA, thiab hauv 2024, nws qhov kev faib ua feem hauv biodegradable lunchbox raw khoom mus txog 32%. Hais txog tus nqi, tus nqi ntawm PBAT yog kwv yees li 17,000-19,000 RMB / tuj, nrog rau cov khoom siv raw suav nrog 65-70% ntawm cov nqi tsim khoom. Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb, 1,4-butanediol (BDO), yog tus nqi ruaj khov ntawm 7,800 RMB / ton, suav txog ntau dua 65% ntawm tus nqi raw khoom.

2.2.2 Polybutylene Succinate (PBS)

Polybutylene succinate (PBS) yog cov polyester uas muaj crystalline heev, tshwm sim los ntawm - cov khoom dawb, tsis muaj ntxhiab thiab saj, nrog rau biocompatibility zoo thiab biodegradability, thiab tuaj yeem degraded rau hauv carbon dioxide thiab dej. Nws qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws yog nws cov cua sov ua haujlwm zoo heev, nrog rau qhov kub tsis sib haum ntawm qhov kub ntawm 100 degree, uas tuaj yeem tshaj 100℃tom qab kev hloov kho, ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub.

Lub zog txhua yam ntawm PBS zoo ib yam li cov khoom siv dav dav xws li PP thiab PE, thiab nws tuaj yeem hloov kho rau cov txheej txheem npaj xws li txhaj tshuaj molding, extrusion, zaj duab xis tshuab, thiab lamination. Nws tseem tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog cov fillers xws li calcium carbonate thiab hmoov txhuv nplej siab kom txo tau cov nqi. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm degradation kev ua tau zoo, PBS tuaj yeem ua tau zoo decomposed los ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov enzymes hauv composting, av, dej, thiab activated sludge ib puag ncig, thiab nws degradation tsis xav tau qhov kub thiab high humidity tej yam kev mob xav tau los ntawm PLA, ua rau nws los ze zog mus rau ntuj degradation scenarios. Hais txog tus nqi, PBS hauv tsev yog kwv yees li 19,000 RMB / tuj, thiab PBS tuaj yeem yog kwv yees li 23,500 RMB / ton. Txawm hais tias tus nqi siab dua, nws muaj qhov tshwj xeeb zoo nyob rau hauv siab -kawg daim ntawv thov teb xws li tshav kub- cov thawv ntim khoom noj thiab cov khoom siv kho mob.

2.3 Siab -Cov ntaub ntawv hloov kho kev ua tau zoo

2.3.1 Nanocomposite Hloov cov ntaub ntawv

Kev hloov kho tshuab nanocomposite yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho cov khoom noj tshiab- qib yas ntim khoom noj khoom haus hauv xyoo tas los no. Ntxiv montmorillonite nanoparticles rau PLA matrix tuaj yeem txhim kho cov pa thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm 3 zaug thiab nce qhov kub ntawm qhov kub mus rau 120 degree, tso cai rau nws siv ncaj qha rau hauv kub - ntim cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo; nanocellulose, raws li ib tug siab -zoo reinforcing neeg sawv cev, muaj ib tug ultra- fiber ntau qauv ntawm 5-20 nanometers, uas muaj peev xwm tsim ib tug ntom hydrogen bond network nyob rau hauv lub PLA matrix, txo cov pa permeability ntawm cov khoom mus rau 0.5 cc/m²·day·atm, ib qho kev txhim kho ntawm ntau tshaj 80% ntshiab PLA.

Daim ntawv thov ntawm nanoclay composite bio-raws li yas technology daws qhov teeb meem ntawm siab -kub deformation ntawm tsoos bio- raws li cov ntaub ntawv. Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, npaj los ntawm kev txhawb nqa kev sib cais ntawm nanoparticles los ntawm sonication (1200 rpm nplawm rau 20 feeb), tom qab ntawd lub tshuab nqus tsev lim (100 μm lim) thiab kub nias (80℃curing), txhim kho cov cuab yeej cuab tam thiab cov khoom thaiv thaum tuav biodegradability.

2.3.2 Multilayer Co-extrusion thiab Surface Txheej Technology

Multilayer co-extrusion technology yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb rau siab-kawg, ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg ntim khoom noj. Los ntawm ib txhij extruding lub tshav kub- txheej tiv thaiv (xws li hloov PLA), txheej txheej thaiv (xws li PBAT lossis EVOH uas muaj nanofillers), thiab txheej txheej saum npoo (xws li PLA ntshiab) siv ntau lub extruders, "sandwich" qauv yog tsim. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv, tab sis kuj txo cov nqi.

Cov txheej txheem txheej txheej txheej txheej hloov kho tau zoo txhim kho qhov thaiv thaiv thiab dej tsis kam ntawm PLA / PBAT cov thawv ntim khoom noj los ntawm kev siv ultra-nyias siab- txheej txheej rau phab ntsa sab hauv. Ntawm cov no, cov txheej txheem txheej hauv online siv PHA aqueous emulsion muaj kev lag luam dav dav. Nws tsis tsuas yog daws qhov teeb meem ntawm tus nqi PHA siab xwb tab sis kuj tsim cov nqi ntxiv rau cov tuam txhab ua lag luam nrog tus nqi rov ua dua ntawm ntau dua 95%.

2.4 Kev sib piv kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov khoom vaj khoom tsev

Raws li tuaj yeem pom los ntawm cov lus saum toj no, muaj kev lag luam pom tseeb - tawm ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab tus nqi rau cov khoom sib txawv: PLA muaj qhov pom tseeb thiab nruj, tab sis tsis txaus tiv thaiv tshav kub; PBAT muaj qhov yooj yooj yim, tab sis tsis muaj zog thiab kub tsis kam; PBS muaj kev tiv thaiv kub zoo, tab sis tus nqi siab dua; PHA muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev phooj ywg ib puag ncig, tab sis nws cov nqi txwv loj - daim ntawv thov; hmoov txhuv nplej siab- cov ntaub ntawv raws li tus nqi qis tshaj, tab sis kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo.

3. Kev Tsim Kho Kev Tsim Kho thiab Kev Tsim Kho Tshiab

3.1 Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb hauv 2021-2026

Txij xyoo 2021 txog 2026, ntau qhov kev ua tiav tseem ceeb tau ua tiav hauv cov khoom noj tshiab- qib yas ntim khoom siv tshuab. Hauv cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis PLA, kev sib xyaw thiab kev ua kom huv ntawm lactide yuav tsum muaj purity ntau dua 99.5% los xyuas kom meej cov khoom ua tau zoo, ua rau cov txheej txheem nyuaj thiab kev siv zog siab. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm kev qhia txog cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov tshuab nanocomposite, cov khoom siv lub zog cuam tshuam tau nce los ntawm 2-3 kJ / m² rau 15-20 kJ / m². Ua ke nrog cov nucleating cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov txheej txheem annealing, cov cua kub distortion kub tshaj 90 degree.

Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm bio-raws li thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis, Anhui Fengyuan Group tau koom tes nrog lub chaw xa khoom noj khoom haus hauv tsev los tsim "Biodegradable Packaging Joint Innovation Center," tsom rau kev ua kom zoo dua cov khoom thaiv ntawm PLA thiab ntawv-raws li cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw hauv qhov chaw ntub thiab kub. Lawv tau ua tiav ib hom tshiab ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom noj uas tuaj yeem tiv taus kev nkag mus tas li hauv 95℃dej kub rau 60 feeb yam tsis muaj deformation, thiab ua tiav cov khoom loj hauv lub quarter thib ob ntawm 2024.

Kev ua tiav tseem ceeb kuj tau ua hauv cov tshuab catalytic: chav-kub catalytic tshuab tuaj yeem hloov 95% ntawm cov khoom siv khib nyiab sib xyaw ntawm PVC thiab PPE rau hauv siab- octane roj av, txo kev siv hluav taws xob los ntawm 70%, tig nyuaj- rau- txheej txheem cov khoom siv sib xyaw kom muaj txiaj ntsig; Novozymes 'cov cutinase tshiab tau ua tiav qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm 96% thiab 72% rau PLA / PBAT cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw, ua kom luv luv lub voj voog degradation mus rau 45 hnub.

3.2 Kev tsim kho tshiab hauv Catalysts tshiab thiab cov txheej txheem ntau lawm

Cov thev naus laus zis tshiab catalyst tau txhim kho cov khoom siv tau zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntau lawm. Piv txwv li, carbonate polyol thev naus laus zis tsim los ntawm Novomer hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau ua rau cov khoom siv los tsim kua muag ntawm 98 kN / m, kev txhim kho 60% piv rau cov tshuaj polyethylene.

Hais txog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, supercritical carbon dioxide (CO₂) yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev ua npuas ncauj, thiab cov khoom raug txo qis hauv cov pwm los ua ib qho micron - qhov loj kaw- cov qauv ntawm tes, uas txhim kho cov khoom siv thiab txo cov nqi tsim khoom. Kev tawg kuj tau ua tiav hauv bio-enzymatic degradation technology. Novozymes 'cov cutinase tshiab tau txhim kho qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm PLA / PBAT cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw, ua kom lub voj voog degradation mus rau 45 hnub, muab cov tshuaj tshiab rau kev rov ua dua thiab kho cov khoom siv biodegradable.

3.3 Kev Kho Hniav thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo Tshaj Plaws

Cov thev naus laus zis kho saum npoo ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho cov khoom siv. Los ntawm kev hloov kho txheej txheej, cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem muab faib rau cov ntaub ntawv thaum khaws lawv cov khoom siv hauv paus. Piv txwv li, siv lub siab - txheej txheej rau sab hauv ntawm PLA / PBAT cov thawv ntim khoom noj tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom thaiv cov pa oxygen thiab dej tsis kam.

Yees duab- biodegradation technology yog lwm txoj kev txhim kho tseem ceeb. Raws li daim ntawv tshaj tawm kev ntsuam xyuas los ntawm National Plastics Products Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, domestically produced photo-biodegradable polypropylene food containers have a degradation cycle of 90-180 days and a degradation rate over 92%, far high than the national standard requirements of 80%. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev txhim kho cua sov ntawm cov khoom tso cai rau cov cua sov ua kom sov siab tshaj 120 degree, txo lub sij hawm cua sov los ntawm 18.3% thiab txo lub zog noj thaum siv.

4. Cov Nqi Kawm Txuj Ci -Kev Ntsuas Kev Pabcuam

4.1 Raw Material Cost Analysis

Hauv cov qauv nqi ntawm cov khoom noj tshiab- qib cov khoom ntim khoom noj yas, cov khoom siv raw cov nqi suav rau qhov loj tshaj plaws, nce mus txog 65.2%, ua raws li cov nqi zog ntawm 18.3%, cov nqi tsim khoom ntawm 12.1%, thiab lwm yam kev siv nyiaj ntawm 4.4%. Hauv 2026, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv biodegradable loj yuav tsum nce 15-25% piv rau 2025, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev lag luam profitability.

Tus nqi qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv sib txawv: Hauv PBAT cov nqi tsim khoom, cov khoom siv raw khoom suav txog 65-70%, lub zog thiab cov nqi qis rau 15-20%, thiab cov nqi zog thiab lwm yam nqi kwv yees li 10%; thaum nyob rau hauv PHA tus nqi muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov khoom siv raw (tsuas yog cov pa roj carbon ntau) suav txog 40-50%, tab sis kev siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv poob qis, thiab cov nqi kho dej khib nyiab hauv fermentation thiab tom qab ua tiav ua ke ntau dua 40%, uas qhia txog nws cov txheej txheem nyuaj thiab lub zog siv zog.

4.2 Cov nqi tsim khoom sib piv nrog cov khoom siv niaj hnub

Tam sim no, tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom ntim biodegradable yog 2.3-2.8 npaug ntawm cov khoom PP / PS. Chav tsev nqi ntawm PLAnoj su rau - mus ntimyog kwv yees li 0.8-1.2 RMB/piece, thaum ib txwm PP noj su rau - mus ntim tsuas yog 0.35-0.45 RMB/piece. Hais txog tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv raw, cov nqi tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom siv biodegradable xws li PLA, PHA, thiab PBS tseem muaj ntau dua li cov khoom siv roj av. Xyoo 2024, qhov nruab nrab ex-lub Hoobkas nqi ntawm PLA yog kwv yees li 28,000 RMB / tuj, thaum ib txwm polypropylene (PP) tsuas yog kwv yees li 9,000 RMB / ton.

Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev nce qib - nce kev tsim khoom thiab kev nce qib thev naus laus zis, tus nqi sib txawv tau maj mam nqaim. Raws li kev lag luam kwv yees, chav tsev tus nqi ntawm PLA yuav tsum tau txo los ntawm kwv yees li 22,000 RMB / tuj hauv 2024 txog 15,000 RMB / tuj hauv 2030, thiab tus nqi ntawm PBAT kuj tseem yuav hloov pauv los ntawm tam sim no 18,000 RMB / tuj mus rau 13,000 RMB / tuj ntau.

4.3 Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Tus Nqi Siv thiab Pov Tseg

Cov nqi rov ua dua thiab pov tseg ntawm cov pluas noj biodegradable rau - mus ntim sib txawv nyob ntawm seb cov khoom siv thiab cov txheej txheem ua. Hauv kev lag luam composting, cov ntaub ntawv zoo li PLA yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb siab - kub thiab siab - av noo, ua rau muaj kev nqis peev tseem ceeb hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm. Hais txog kev rov ua dua tshiab, cov ntaub ntawv zoo li PET tuaj yeem siv los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tshuaj lom neeg, tab sis cov nqi thev naus laus zis siab.

Environmental compliance cov nqi kuj tsis tsim nyog. Tom qab kev ua raws li "14th Tsib- Xyoo Plan rau Plastic Pollution Control Action Plan" nyob rau xyoo 2021, cov tuam txhab yuav tsum tau nqis peev pab rau kev kho cov roj khib nyiab, rov siv cov dej khib nyiab, thiab kev faib cov khib nyiab pov tseg. Cov khoom me me thiab nruab nrab- cov chaw tsim khoom noj su muaj qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig ntawm kwv yees li 500,000 txog 1 lab RMB. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua raws cai yog qhov tseem ceeb. Kev suav los ntawm Tuam Tshoj Circular Economy Association qhia tias tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom lag luam rau cov tuam txhab ua raws li tau txo qis los ntawm 18% piv rau 2020, feem ntau yog vim kev lag luam ntawm nplai, kev txhawb nqa se, thiab txo tus nqi pov tseg pov tseg.

4.4 Tus Nqi -Kev Ntsuas Kev Ua Tau Zoo hauv Cov Ntawv Thov Sib Txawv

Tus nqi -kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab sib txawv ntawm ntau qhov kev thov sib txawv. Hauv siab - qhov kawg catering thiab takeaway scenarios, cov neeg siv khoom yog tus nqi qis dua - rhiab heev thiab muaj kev txhawj xeeb ntau dua nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib puag ncig thiab cov neeg siv kev paub; nyob rau hauv loj - cov xwm txheej ntawm kev yuav khoom xws li tsev kawm ntawv cov tsev noj mov thiab cov koom haum noj mov, kev tswj tus nqi yog qhov tseem ceeb dua, yuav tsum muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab tus nqi.

Optimizing ntim tsim kuj tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua tau zoo. Noj PP pluas su rau - mus ntim khoom ua piv txwv, siv cov qauv tsim qauv, qhov hnyav tuaj yeem txo los ntawm 28 grams mus rau 24 grams thaum tuav lub zog. Raws li kev tsim khoom txhua xyoo ntawm 1 billion units, qhov no txuag tau ntau dua 32 lab RMB hauv cov nqi raw khoom txhua xyoo. Cov tswv yim no kuj tseem siv tau rau cov khoom siv biodegradable tshiab; txo cov khoom siv los ntawm kev txhim kho cov qauv zoo tuaj yeem txo cov nqi.

5. Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Lag Luam Hauv cheeb tsam

5.1 Qhov txawv ntawm Txoj Cai thiab Cov Cai

Txoj cai thiab cov kev cai sib txawv heev thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb kev lag luam loj, cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev siv cov khoom siv. EU tau ua raws li Txoj Cai -Siv Plastics Directive nyob rau xyoo 2021, txwv 10 hom ib zaug xwb- siv cov khoom yas thiab xav kom tag nrho cov ntim yas kom rov ua dua lossis biodegradable los ntawm 2030. Nws (EU) Tsis muaj 10/2011 txoj cai muaj kev cai nruj tshaj li cov kev txwv rau migration, L. hauv cov fwj me nyuam). Tuam Tshoj tau hloov kho nws "txheej txheem yas" xyoo 2020, qhia meej meej tias los ntawm 2025, kev siv tus nqi ntawm cov hnab yas uas tsis yog -degradable hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab khoom noj khoom haus hauv cov nroog saum toj kawg nkaus hauv lub nroog yuav tsum raug txo kom qis dua 5%. Nws tab tom tsim cov khoom noj khoom haus tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv GB 4806 series ntawm cov qauv, nrog GB 4806.7-2023 "Plastic Materials and Products for Food Contact" tau ua nyob rau lub Cuaj Hli 2024, kev sib koom ua ke thiab cov qauv khoom lag luam thiab ntxiv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab raws li cov yas yas.

Nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas tsoom fwv qib, tam sim no tsis muaj kev cai lij choj sib koom ua ke, tab sis cov xeev xws li California thiab New York tau dhau "cov se hnab yas" thiab cov cai tswj kev ntim khoom biodegradable, tsim kom muaj "hauv qab- nce" tsav tsheb. FDA tswj cov ntaub ntawv yas los ntawm 21 CFR Part 177, xav kom tag nrho cov kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm cov dej-raws li cov khoom noj tsis pub tshaj 10 mg/dm² thiab cov zaub mov oily tsis pub tshaj 50 mg/kg.

5.2 Qhov sib txawv ntawm Cov Neeg Siv Khoom Siv thiab Kev Ua Lag Luam

Kev ua lag luam nyob sab Europe, txhawb nqa los ntawm cov kev cai ib puag ncig nruj thiab cov neeg siv khoom paub tab, muaj qhov nkag siab tshaj plaws ntawm biodegradable tableware, nce mus txog 75% hauv 2023. Lub teb chaws xws li lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Sweden tau ua tiav tag nrho cov kev pabcuam hauv cov khoom noj. Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Fabkis, Ltalis, thiab UK suav txog 72% ntawm European xav tau, siv 2.1 lab tons ntawm ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg RPET thiab PLA ntim txhua xyoo.

Asia-Pacific kev lag luam yog lub zog loj hlob, nrog rau Tuam Tshoj, Nyiv, thiab Kaus Lim Qab Teb tau koom nrog 85% ntawm cov lag luam hauv cheeb tsam. Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam loj tau nce 85% xyoo-rau- xyoo hauv 2023, tab sis tus nqi nkag tsuas yog 28%, qhia tias muaj peev xwm loj hauv tsib xyoos tom ntej. Raws li lub ntiaj teb cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov neeg siv khoom loj tshaj plaws, Tuam Tshoj suav txog ntau dua 60% ntawm lub ntiaj teb biodegradable zaub mov ntim khoom muaj peev xwm. Tsav los ntawm ib puag ncig cov cai, qhov feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov khoom siv PS ib txwm tau poob mus rau 35%, thaum cov khoom siv biodegradable xws li PLA thiab PBAT tau tshaj 28%.

Lub lag luam North American muaj qhov sib xyaw ua ke txhua xyoo ntawm kev loj hlob tsuas yog 3.2% txij xyoo 2023 txog 2025 vim FDA cov txheej txheem ntawv pov thawj qeeb rau cov ntaub ntawv tshiab. Raws li cov neeg siv khoom loj ntawm cov khoom siv pov tseg thoob ntiaj teb, Tebchaws Asmeskas muaj kev ceev ceev- kab lis kev cai khoom noj thiab tsim kev lag luam nqa tawm, ua rau cov neeg siv khoom xav tau ntau rau kev yooj yim ntawm cov ntim khoom noj.

5.3 Sib piv ntawm Supply Chain Maturity

Tuam Tshoj tau tsim ib qho kev lag luam ua tiav, nrog ntau dua 80% ntawm cov peev txheej tsim muaj nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qab teb Tuam Tshoj. Nws tau mus txog qib siab thoob ntiaj teb hauv cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb xws li PLA thiab PBAT, tab sis tseem muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv siab - kawg xws li PHA; recycling thiab processing infrastructure tseem tab tom tsim. Teb chaws Europe tau tsim kom muaj kev lag luam composting thiab rov ua dua tshiab, nrog kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis tsom rau cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab; Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj kev txwv tsis pub muaj peev xwm, nws txoj kev vam khom rau cov khoom lag luam biodegradable los ntawm Asia tau nce mus rau 50%, thiab nquag tiv thaiv - kev tshawb nrhiav pov tseg tau ua rau qee lub tuam txhab tsim cov chaw tsim khoom txawv teb chaws.

Lub North American cov saw hlau tsom mus rau cov khoom siv yas ib txwm siv, nrog lub peev xwm tsis txaus rau cov khoom siv biodegradable tshiab. Nws tso siab rau kev xa khoom rau cov khoom siv raw thiab cov khoom tiav, thiab kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis yog tsom rau kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov khoom siv. Cov txheej txheem rov ua dua tshiab yog feem ntau ua raws li cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab, nrog cov cuab yeej siv tshuaj lom neeg tseem nyob rau theem pib.

6. Cov ntsiab lus thiab cov lus pom zoo

6.1 Kev Tshawb Fawb Tseem Ceeb

Khoom siv Technology Qib:Bio-raws li cov ntaub ntawv biodegradable tau dhau los ua cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, nrog PLA thiab PBAT tswj hwm kev lag luam nrog 42% thiab 32% kev lag luam feem. Los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis xws li nanocomposites thiab kev hloov kho saum npoo av, qhov kub tsis kam tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv PLA tau nce mus rau 90-120 degree, ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom kub.
Tus nqi -Kev Ua Tau Zoo:Tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv biodegradable tshiab tseem yog 2-3 npaug ntawm cov khoom siv PP, tab sis qhov sib txawv tsis tu ncua. Tus nqi ntawm PLA xav tias yuav txo qis los ntawm 22,000 RMB / tuj hauv 2024 txog 15,000 RMB / tuj hauv 2030, qhov txo qis ntawm 32%.
Kev Ua Lag Luam Qib:Txoj cai- cov teebmeem uas tau tsav los yog qhov tseem ceeb. Kev lag luam nkag mus rau biodegradable ntim ntim khoom noj hauv Suav teb tau nce los ntawm tsawg dua 7% hauv 2021 txog li 18% hauv 2025; Kev lees paub ntawm cov neeg siv khoom tau nce, nrog 76.3% ntawm cov neeg siv khoom txaus siab them tus nqi 5% -10% rau kev ntim khoom ib puag ncig.
Qhov txawv hauv cheeb tsam:Teb chaws Europe muaj qhov nkag siab tshaj plaws (75%), Tuam Tshoj muaj kev loj hlob sai tshaj plaws (85% txhua xyoo), thiab North America muaj kev loj hlob qeeb (3.2%). Txoj cai thiab kev tswj hwm, tus cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov saw hlau yog qhov tseem ceeb cuam tshuam.

6.2 Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Yav Tom Ntej

• Material Performance Optimization: Focus on developing high-temperature resistant (>120 degree), roj- tiv taus, thiab siab- cov khoom siv biodegradable barrier los nthuav cov xwm txheej ntawm daim ntawv thov.
• Kev Them Nqi Them Nqi Them Nqi:Txo tus nqi siab- cov ntaub ntawv kawg xws li PHA los ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab hauv kev ua kom lom neeg lom neeg thiab cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke los txhawb kev loj - daim ntawv thov.
• Recycling thiab Treatment Technologies:Tsim cov khoom siv biodegradable recycling technologies haum rau Tuam Tshoj lub teb chaws tej yam kev mob thiab tsim kom muaj ib tug tag nrho ncig kev lag luam system.
• Smart Packaging Technologies:Kev sib xyaw kom pom, traceability, thiab ib puag ncig cov haujlwm ua haujlwm los tsim cov khoom ntim khoom siv biodegradable ntse.
• Kev ntsuas lub neej:Tsim kom muaj kev soj ntsuam txog kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig los ntsuas kev ntsuas ib puag ncig ntawm cov khoom siv.
• Txoj Cai thiab Mechanism Kev Tshawb Fawb:Tshawb nrhiav txoj cai txhawb cov txheej txheem hloov kho rau thaj tsam sib txawv los txhawb kev lag luam siv cov khoom siv biodegradable.

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Khoom noj khoom haus tshiab- qib cov khoom ntim yas ntim khoom noj yog txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los daws cov pa phem. Los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis, kev txhawb nqa txoj cai, thiab kev tshaj tawm kev lag luam, cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum muaj txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ntim khoom noj los ntawm 2030, muab kev txhawb nqa rau kev tsim kho ntawm kev lag luam ntim khoom lag luam.